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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Kazan medical journal</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Kazan medical journal</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Казанский медицинский журнал</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0368-4814</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2587-9359</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">7807</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/KMJ2018-042</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Experimental medicine</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Экспериментальная медицина</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Morphological signs of the intravital contraction (retraction) of thrombotic emboli</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Морфологические признаки прижизненной контракции (ретракции) тромботических эмболов</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Khismatullin</surname><given-names>R R</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хисматуллин</surname><given-names>Рафаэль Рафикович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>rafael.khismatullin@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shakirova</surname><given-names>A Z</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шакирова</surname><given-names>Ася Закиевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>rafael.khismatullin@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Peshkova</surname><given-names>A D</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пешкова</surname><given-names>Алина Дмитриевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>rafael.khismatullin@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Litvinov</surname><given-names>R I</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Литвинов</surname><given-names>Рустем Игоревич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>rafael.khismatullin@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Kazan State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Казанский государственный медицинский университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Казанский (Приволжский) федеральный университет, Институт фундаментальной медицины и биологии</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">University of Pennsylvania, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology of the School of Medicine</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Университет Пенсильвании, Департамент клеточной биологии медицинского факультета</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2018-02-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>02</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>99</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 99, NO1 (2018)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 99, №1 (2018)</issue-title><fpage>42</fpage><lpage>47</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2018-02-06"><day>06</day><month>02</month><year>2018</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2018, Khismatullin R.R., Shakirova A.Z., Peshkova A.D., Litvinov R.I.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2018, Хисматуллин Р.Р., Шакирова А.З., Пешкова А.Д., Литвинов Р.И.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Khismatullin R.R., Shakirova A.Z., Peshkova A.D., Litvinov R.I.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Хисматуллин Р.Р., Шакирова А.З., Пешкова А.Д., Литвинов Р.И.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://kazanmedjournal.ru/kazanmedj/article/view/7807">https://kazanmedjournal.ru/kazanmedj/article/view/7807</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Aim.</bold> To establish whether contraction (retraction) of thrombi and thrombotic emboli occurs in vivo using structural signs of blood clot compression, such as compressive deformation of erythrocytes and redistribution of fibrin on the surface of a clot.</p> <p><bold>Methods.</bold> Three postmortem pulmonary thrombotic emboli were examined by scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy after staining with hematoxylin and eosin as well as with Mallory’s method.</p> <p><bold>Results.</bold> In 2 studied pulmonary emboli, extracted 7 and 15 hours after patients’ death, polyhedral erythrocytes (polyhedrocytes) were revealed that were formed as a result of mechanical deformation under the action of contractile forces generated by activated platelets. In addition, the uneven distribution of fibrin within the emboli was found with displacement of fibrin to the periphery of the emboli, which is characteristic for contracted blood clot. In the first and the «oldest» clot extracted 38 hours after the patient’s death, the described contraction signs were absent, which was likely related to the postmortem autolysis or intravital pathological impairment of contraction.</p> <p><bold>Conclusion.</bold> Thrombotic emboli ex vivo have morphological signs of contraction, suggesting intravital compression of the primary thrombi and/or thrombotic emboli, which might be an important pathogenetic mechanism for modulation of impaired blood flow at the sites of thrombotic occlusion of a vessel; the presence or absence of compressed erythrocytes inside and predominant location of fibrin on the periphery of a thrombus or embolus can potentially serve as additional pathomorphological criteria of death coming prescription.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Цель.</bold> Установить, происходит ли in vivo контракция (ретракция) тромбов и тромботических эмболов, используя структурные признаки сжатия сгустков крови: компрессионную деформацию эритроцитов и перераспределение фибрина на поверхности сгустка.</p> <p><bold>Методы.</bold> Исследовали 3 посмертных лёгочных тромботических эмбола методами сканирующей электронной микроскопии и световой микроскопии после окраски срезов гематоксилином-эозином и по методу Маллори.</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold> В составе 2 исследованных лёгочных эмболов, извлечённых через 7 и 15 ч после смерти пациентов, обнаружены эритроциты в форме многогранника, или полиэдра («полиэдроциты»), которые образуются в результате механической деформации под действием контрактильных сил, генерируемых активированными тромбоцитами. Кроме того, выявлено неравномерное распределение фибрина внутри эмбола, проявляющееся вытеснением фибрина к периферии, что характерно для контрактированного сгустка крови. В 1, наиболее «старом» эмболе, извлечённом через 38 ч после смерти пациента, указанные признаки контракции отсутствовали, что связано либо с посмертным аутолизом, либо с патологическим нарушением контракции при жизни.</p> <p><bold>Вывод.</bold> Тромботические эмболы ex vivo имеют морфологические признаки контракции, свидетельствующие о прижизненном сжатии первичных тромбов и/или тромботических эмболов, что может быть важным патогенетическим механизмом восстановления нарушенного кровотока в очаге тромботической окклюзии сосуда; наличие или отсутствие компрессированных эритроцитов внутри и преимущественное расположение фибрина по периферии тромба или эмбола потенциально могут служить дополнительными патоморфологическими критериями давности наступления смерти.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>thrombosis</kwd><kwd>thromboembolism</kwd><kwd>blood clotting</kwd><kwd>clot contraction</kwd><kwd>clot retraction</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>тромбоз</kwd><kwd>тромбоэмболия</kwd><kwd>свёртывание крови</kwd><kwd>контракция сгустка</kwd><kwd>ретракция сгустка</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Farge D., Debourdeau P., Beckers M. et al. 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