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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Kazan medical journal</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Kazan medical journal</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Казанский медицинский журнал</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0368-4814</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2587-9359</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">77915</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/KMJ2022-592</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Theoretical and clinical medicine</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Теоретическая и клиническая медицина</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Analysis of the association of FTO, PPARG and PPARGC1A gene polymorphisms with carbohydrate metabolism disorders</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Анализ ассоциации полиморфизмов генов FTO, PPARG и PPARGC1A с нарушениями углеводного обмена</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6000-8002</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">X-5363-2019</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2082-3980</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Valeeva</surname><given-names>Farida V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Валеева</surname><given-names>Фарида Вадутовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>M.D., D. Sci. (Med.), Prof., Head of Depart., Depart. of Endocrinology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>докт. мед. наук, проф., зав. каф., каф. эндокринологии</p></bio><email>val_farida@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1825-487X</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">X-8667-2019</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9494-9940</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Khasanova</surname><given-names>Kamilya B.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хасанова</surname><given-names>Камиля Булатовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>M.D., Assistant, Depart. of Endocrinology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ассистент, каф. эндокринологии</p></bio><email>kamilya_khasanova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7010-8688</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sozinova</surname><given-names>Elizaveta A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Созинова</surname><given-names>Елизавета Алексеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>M.D., doctor of clinical laboratory diagnostics</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач клинической лабораторной диагностики</p></bio><email>sozinova.liza@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8959-093X</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">X-8889-2019</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8159-0120</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kiseleva</surname><given-names>Tatyana A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Киселева</surname><given-names>Татьяна Александровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>M.D., Cand. Sci. (Med.), Assoc. Prof., Depart. of Endocrinology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, доц., каф. эндокринологии</p></bio><email>tattiana@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7080-3878</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Valeeva</surname><given-names>Elena V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Валеева</surname><given-names>Елена Валерьевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD-fellow, junior research assistant, Depart. of molecular genetics, central research laboratory</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>м.н.с., отдел молекулярной генетики, центральная научно-исследовательская лаборатория; ассистент, каф. биохимии, биотехнологии и фармакологии</p></bio><email>vevaleeva@ya.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6210-4660</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Egorova</surname><given-names>Emiliya S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Егорова</surname><given-names>Эмилия Сергеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD-fellow, junior research assistant, Depart. of molecular genetics, central research laboratory</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>м.н.с., отдел молекулярной генетики, центральная научно-исследовательская лаборатория</p></bio><email>jastspring@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6335-4020</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ahmetov</surname><given-names>Ildus I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ахметов</surname><given-names>Ильдус Ильясович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>M.D., D. Sci. (Med.), senior researcher, Depart. of molecular genetics, central research laboratory</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>докт. мед. наук, с.н.с., отдел молекулярной генетики, центральная научно-исследовательская лаборатория</p></bio><email>genoterra@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Kazan State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Казанский государственный медицинский университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Republican Clinical Oncological Dispansery</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Республиканский клинический онкологический диспансер</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Kazan Federal University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Казанский Федеральный (Приволжский) университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Казанский государственный медицинский университет</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Kazan State Medical University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2022-08-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>08</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>103</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>592</fpage><lpage>601</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2021-08-13"><day>13</day><month>08</month><year>2021</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2022-06-22"><day>22</day><month>06</month><year>2022</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2022, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2022, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2025-08-15"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://kazanmedjournal.ru/kazanmedj/article/view/77915">https://kazanmedjournal.ru/kazanmedj/article/view/77915</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Background.</bold> Conducting molecular and genetic studies to investigate susceptibility to multifactorial and polygenic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes melitus and pre-diabetic conditions, is of great importance for the development of personalized prevention programs and the choice of optimal treatment. Taking into account regional and ethnic features, the study of polymorphic markers of candidate genes for fat and carbohydrate metabolism has a great practical value.</p> <p><bold>Aim.</bold> To investigate associations of polymorphisms of the FTO rs9939609, PPARG rs180128, PPARGC1A rs8192678 genes with the risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus and pre-diabetic conditions in residents of the Republic of Tatarstan.</p> <p><bold>Material and methods.</bold> An observational single-stage single-center controlled study was conducted in patients with various disorders of carbohydrate metabolism: prediabetes (n=138) and a confirmed diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (n=134). Molecular genetic analysis of rs9939609 polymorphism of the FTO gene, rs8192678 polymorphism of the PPARGC1A gene and rs1801282 polymorphism of the PPARG gene was performed using real-time polymerase chain reaction. The distribution of patient genotypes and alleles was compared with the Russian population. Statistical data processing included nonparametric correlation analysis using Pearson’s coefficient, calculation of Student's and χ2 tests, odds ratios, arithmetic mean values and their standard deviations using “GraphPad InStat” software.</p> <p><bold>Results.</bold> The A allele of the rs9939609 polymorphism of FTO gene increases the risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus and early carbohydrate metabolism disorders (OR=2.73, p=0.00007 and OR=4.17; p=0.00002, respectively). The GG genotype of the rs180128 polymorphism of the PPARG gene is associated with the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (OR=2.77, p=0.02).</p> <p><bold>Conclusion.</bold> The expected association of the rs9939609 FTO polymorphic marker, which determines the development of insulin resistance, with the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus and the presence of early carbohydrate metabolism disorders was obtained.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Актуальность.</bold> Проведение молекулярно-генетических исследований для изучения предрасположенности к мультифакторным и полигенным заболеваниям, таким как сахарный диабет 2-го типа и предиабетические состояния, имеет очень большое значение для разработки программ персонализированной профилактики и выбора оптимального лечения. Большую практическую ценность представляет исследование полиморфных маркёров генов-кандидатов жирового и углеводного обмена, учитывая региональные и ¬этнические особенности.</p> <p><bold>Цель.</bold> Изучение ассоциации полиморфизмов генов FTO, PPARG и PPARGC1A с риском развития сахарного диабета 2-го типа и предиабетических состояний у жителей Республики Татарстан.</p> <p><bold>Материал и методы исследования.</bold> Проведено наблюдательное одномоментное одноцентровое контролируемое исследование с участием пациентов с различными нарушениями углеводного обмена: предиабетом (n=138) и подтверждённым диагнозом «сахарный диабет 2-го типа» (n=134). Проведён молекулярно-генетический анализ полиморфизмов rs9939609 гена FTO, rs8192678 гена PPARGC1A и rs1801282 гена PPARG методом полимеразной цепной реакции в режиме реального времени. Распределение генотипов и аллелей пациентов в исследуемых группах сравнивали с российской популяцией. Статистическая обработка данных включала непараметрический корреляционный анализ по Спирмену, вычисление критериев ¬Стьюдента и χ2, показателей «отношение шансов», средних арифметических значений и их стандартных отклонений с использованием программы GraphPad InStat.</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold> Аллель A полиморфизма rs9939609 гена FTO увеличивает риск развития сахарного диабета 2-го типа и ранних нарушений углеводного обмена (отношение шансов 2,73, p=0,00007 и отношение шансов 4,17, p=0,00002 соответственно). Генотип GG полиморфизма rs1801282 гена PPARG ассоциирован с ¬риском развития сахарного диабета 2-го типа (отношение шансов 2,77, p=0,02).</p> <p><bold>Вывод.</bold> Получена ожидаемая ассоциация полиморфного маркёра rs9939609 FTO, определяющего развитие инсулинорезистентности, с развитием сахарного диабета 2-го типа и наличием ранних нарушений углеводного обмена.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>diabetes mellitus</kwd><kwd>prediabetes</kwd><kwd>DNA</kwd><kwd>polymorphism</kwd><kwd>FTO</kwd><kwd>PPARG</kwd><kwd>PPARGC1A</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>сахарный диабет</kwd><kwd>предиабет</kwd><kwd>ДНК</kwd><kwd>полиморфизм</kwd><kwd>генотип</kwd><kwd>FTO</kwd><kwd>PPARG</kwd><kwd>PPARGC1A</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was not sponsored.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование не имело спонсорской поддержки.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>World Health Organization (WHO). 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