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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Kazan medical journal</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Kazan medical journal</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Казанский медицинский журнал</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0368-4814</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2587-9359</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">7260</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17750/KMJ2017-1019</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Spindle-cell lung carcinoma: classification of types, features of diagnosis and treatment</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Веретеноклеточный рак лёгкого: классификация типов, особенности диагностики и лечения</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Alferova</surname><given-names>Yu S</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Алфёрова</surname><given-names>Юлия Сергеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>AlferovaYuS@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Surina</surname><given-names>V D</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сурина</surname><given-names>Вероника Дмитриевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>AlferovaYuS@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Karpov</surname><given-names>N V</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Карпов</surname><given-names>Николай Владимирович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>AlferovaYuS@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2017-12-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>12</month><year>2017</year></pub-date><volume>98</volume><issue>6</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 98, NO6 (2017)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 98, №6 (2017)</issue-title><fpage>1019</fpage><lpage>1023</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2017-12-04"><day>04</day><month>12</month><year>2017</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2017, Alferova Y.S., Surina V.D., Karpov N.V.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2017, Алфёрова Ю.С., Сурина В.Д., Карпов Н.В.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2017</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Alferova Y.S., Surina V.D., Karpov N.V.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Алфёрова Ю.С., Сурина В.Д., Карпов Н.В.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://kazanmedjournal.ru/kazanmedj/article/view/7260">https://kazanmedjournal.ru/kazanmedj/article/view/7260</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Spindle-cell lung carcinoma is a very rare disease, one of the forms of biphasic squamous-cell carcinoma, which can be detected in isolated cases. Despite different descriptions of this pathology, currently there is no consensus about methods of its exact morphological diagnosis and effective treatment. Therefore, it is very important to study all existing at the moment results of spindle-cell carcinoma research for the purpose of systematization and analysis of available data and development of effective methods of the disease control. The review contains modern understanding of clinical medicine about the tumor and different methods of its classification and identification based on worldwide scientific experience. The results of the research of spindle-cell lung carcinoma development causes are discussed, and statistical measures of its detection and used treatment methods are described. Spindle-cell lung carcinoma, frequently affecting male smokers as a large peripheral focus, has unfavourable prognosis even in those cases when the diagnosis was made at the early stage and radical surgery was performed. Distant metastases occur more frequently and earlier than in other tumors of the same group, and survival after recurrence is very low. One of the most promising methods of treatment in case of such malignancy is targeted immunotherapy such as anti-PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies aimed at inhibiting immune control point.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Веретеноклеточный рак лёгкого - очень редкое заболевание, один из видов плоскоклеточного рака бифазного строения, который удаётся обнаружить в единичных случаях. Несмотря на наличие различных описаний данного поражения, в настоящее время не существует единого мнения о способах его точной морфологической диагностики и эффективного лечения. По этой причине особенно важно изучение всех существующих в настоящий момент результатов исследования веретеноклеточного рака с целью систематизации и анализа имеющихся данных и разработки эффективных способов борьбы с этим заболеванием. В настоящем обзоре приведено современное представление клинической медицины о данной опухоли и рассмотрены различные способы её классификации и определения на основе всемирного научного опыта. Представлены результаты исследования причин возникновения веретеноклеточного рака лёгкого, а также описаны статистические показатели его обнаружения и применяемые методы лечения. Лёгочная веретеноклеточная карцинома, которая часто поражает курильщиков мужского пола в виде большого периферического поражения, имеет неблагоприятный прогноз даже в тех случаях, когда диагноз был поставлен на ранней стадии и была выполнена радикальная хирургическая операция. Отдалённые метастазы встречаются чаще и раньше, чем при иных опухолях той же группы, а выживаемость после рецидива очень низкая. Одним из наиболее перспективных направлений лечения в случае этой опухоли служит таргетная иммунотерапия, такая как антитела к PD-1/PD-L1, направленные на ингибирование иммунной контрольной точки.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>spindle-cell lung carcinoma</kwd><kwd>pleomorphic carcinoma</kwd><kwd>surgical resection</kwd><kwd>histologic investigation</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>веретеноклеточный рак лёгкого</kwd><kwd>плеоморфная карцинома</kwd><kwd>хирургическая резекция</kwd><kwd>гистологические исследования</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Bast R.C.Jr., Kufe D.W., Pollock R.E. et al. Cancer medicine. 5th ed. Hamilton: BC Decker. 2000; 2572 p.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Liu H., Kho T.A., Kohane I.S., Sun Y. Predicting survival within the lung cancer histopathological hierarchy using a multi-scale genomic model of development. 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