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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Kazan medical journal</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Kazan medical journal</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Казанский медицинский журнал</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0368-4814</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2587-9359</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">71956</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/KMJ71956</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Epidemiological studies of the prevalence of the oral mucosa and the red lip border lesions</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Эпидемиологические исследования распространённости поражений слизистой оболочки рта и красной каймы губ</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4326-1801</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6982-2987</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Yatsenko</surname><given-names>Anna K.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Яценко</surname><given-names>Анна Константиновна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>M.D., Cand. Sci. (Med.), Assoc. Prof., Institute of Dentistry</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, доц., Институт стоматологии</p></bio><email>annakonstt@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1107-4561</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5186-8570</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Trankovskaya</surname><given-names>Lidia V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Транковская</surname><given-names>Лидия Викторовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>M.D., D. Sci. (Med.), Prof., Head of Depart., Depart. of Hygiene</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>докт. мед. наук, проф., зав. каф., каф. гигиены</p></bio><email>trankovskaya@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8505-7062</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1850-2689</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Pervov</surname><given-names>Yury Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Первов</surname><given-names>Юрий Юрьевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>M.D., D. Sci. (Med.), Assoc. Prof., Director, Institute of Dentistry</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>докт. мед. наук, доц., директор, Институт стоматологии</p></bio><email>pervov73@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2484-9442</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1751-3935</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gritsina</surname><given-names>Olga P.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Грицина</surname><given-names>Ольга Павловна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>M.D., Cand. Sci. (Med.), Assoc. Prof., Depart. of Hygiene</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, доц., каф. гигиены</p></bio><email>g2010o@maik.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4909-0495</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zagudaeva</surname><given-names>Irina O.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Загудаева</surname><given-names>Ирина Олеговна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>student</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>студент</p></bio><email>vinokurovaa6@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Pacific State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Тихоокеанский государственный медицинский университет</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh"></institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Pacific State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Тихоокеанский государственный медицинский университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2022-11-14" publication-format="electronic"><day>14</day><month>11</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-02-01" publication-format="electronic"><day>01</day><month>02</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>104</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>99</fpage><lpage>107</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2021-06-22"><day>22</day><month>06</month><year>2021</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2022-11-03"><day>03</day><month>11</month><year>2022</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2023, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2023, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2026-02-01"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://kazanmedjournal.ru/kazanmedj/article/view/71956">https://kazanmedjournal.ru/kazanmedj/article/view/71956</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The problems of diagnosis, treatment and prevention of diseases of the oral mucosa and the red lip border remain one of the most relevant in modern dentistry. The review analyzes clinical and epidemiological studies of pathological conditions on the oral and lip mucosa. The role of risk factors in the occurrence of certain nosological groups of diseases of the mouth and lips is indicated according to the literature. The relationship between age-related regenerative features of the oral mucosa, as well as the presence of somatic diseases and the development of oral pathology is shown. The influence of local risk factors on the occurrence of lesions on the mucous membrane of the mouth and lips is described, among which injuries with dentures and poor oral hygiene come to the fore. The significance of social and behavioral determinants, such as smoking and alcohol consumption, in the occurrence of precancerous processes on the mucous membrane of the mouth and lips is reflected. Changes in the structure of the mucous membrane of the mouth and lips depending on the age and sex characteristics of patients are highlighted. In young people, glossitis (folded tongue, geographic tongue) and cheilitis (chronic lip cracks, meteorological cheilitis) occupied the leading positions among oral lesions. A high proportion of lesions in middle-aged people accounted for precancerous (lichen planus, leukoplakia) and neurogenic (glossalgia) processes. Prosthetic stomatitis and dermatosis (erythema multiforme exudative, lupus erythematosus, lichen planus) were more often noted in elderly, senile patients and centenarians. The importance of studying the incidence structure of the oral mucosa and lips in each age and sex group is emphasized in order to identify and assess the impact of potential risk factors, as well as to develop and improve regional preventive programs for maintaining dental health.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Проблемы диагностики, лечения и профилактики заболеваний слизистой оболочки рта и красной каймы губ остаются одними из наиболее актуальных в современной стоматологии. В обзоре проанализированы клинико-эпидемиологические исследования патологических состояний на слизистой рта и губ. Указана роль факторов риска в возникновении определённых нозологических групп болезней рта и губ по данным литературы. Показана связь между возрастными регенеративными особенностями слизистой оболочки рта, а также наличием соматических заболеваний и развитием оральной патологии. Описано влияние местных факторов риска на возникновение поражений на слизистой оболочке рта и губ, среди которых на первый план выходят травмы зубными протезами и неудовлетворительная гигиена полости рта. Отражена значимость социально-поведенческих детерминант, таких как курение и употребление алкоголя, в возникновении предраковых процессов на слизистой оболочке рта и губ. Освещены изменения в структуре слизистой оболочки рта и губ в зависимости от возрастно-половых характеристик пациентов. У молодых людей лидирующие позиции среди оральных поражений занимали глосситы (складчатый язык, географический язык) и хейлиты (хронические трещины губ, метеорологический хейлит). Высокая доля поражений у людей среднего возраста приходилась на предраковые (красный плоский лишай, лейкоплакия) и неврогенные (глоссалгия) процессы. У пациентов пожилого, старческого возраста и долгожителей чаще отмечали протезные стоматиты и дерматозы (многоформная экссудативная эритема, красная волчанка, красный плоский лишай). Подчёркивается важность изучения структуры заболеваемости слизистой оболочки рта и губ в каждой возрастно-половой группе с целью идентификации и оценки влияния потенциальных факторов риска, а также разработки и совершенствования региональных профилактических программ сохранения стоматологического здоровья.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>review</kwd><kwd>oral cavity</kwd><kwd>diseases of the oral mucosa</kwd><kwd>diseases of the lips</kwd><kwd>prevention</kwd><kwd>risk factors</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>обзор</kwd><kwd>полость рта</kwd><kwd>заболевания слизистой оболочки рта</kwd><kwd>заболевания губ</kwd><kwd>профилактика</kwd><kwd>факторы риска</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rabinovich OF, Rabinovich IM, Umarova KV, Denisova MA. 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