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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Kazan medical journal</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Kazan medical journal</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Казанский медицинский журнал</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0368-4814</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2587-9359</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">70880</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/KMJ2022-126</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Clinical observations</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Клинические наблюдения</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Postinfectious autoimmune encephalitis with opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Постинфекционный аутоиммунный энцефалит с опсоклонус-миоклонус-синдромом</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5591-7148</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gaifutdinov</surname><given-names>Rustem T</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гайфутдинов</surname><given-names>Рустем Талгатович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand.Sci. (Med.), Assoc. Prof.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, доц.</p></bio><email>Gaifutdinov69@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1889-0094</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Matveeva</surname><given-names>Tatyana V</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Матвеева</surname><given-names>Татьяна Всеволовдовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, D.Sc. (Med.), Prof.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>докт. мед. наук, проф.</p></bio><email>tanya.matveeva.40@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8718-7266</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zalyalova</surname><given-names>Zuleikha A</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Залялова</surname><given-names>Зулейха  Абдуллазяновна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, D.Sc. (Med.), Prof.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>докт. мед. наук, проф.</p></bio><email>z.zalyalova@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Kazan State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Казанский государственный медицинский университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2022-02-07" publication-format="electronic"><day>07</day><month>02</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>103</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>126</fpage><lpage>132</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2021-05-21"><day>21</day><month>05</month><year>2021</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2022-01-26"><day>26</day><month>01</month><year>2022</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2022, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2022, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2025-02-07"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://kazanmedjournal.ru/kazanmedj/article/view/70880">https://kazanmedjournal.ru/kazanmedj/article/view/70880</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Opsoclonus is irregular chaotic eye movements, accompanied by impaired gaze fixation, oscillopsia and associated visual impairment. It is combined with myoclonus of the extremities, trunk, change in gait. It occurs in many pathological conditions, most often in oncological and post-infectious diseases. The rarity and uncommonness of the clinical manifestations of the opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome, as well as the poor awareness of doctors about this pathology, cause diagnostic difficulties and errors. This report presents the case of a 49-year-old patient, who developed unsteadiness when walking, opsoclonus, myoclonus, startle syndrome, exaggerated startle response 3 weeks after an acute intestinal infection. The diagnostic errors made were analyzed. The diagnosis “Post-infection autoimmune encephalitis” was proposed and substantiated. Paraneoplastic opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome was excluded by prospective observation of the patient for 6 years. High efficiency of glucocorticoid treatment was noted.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Опсоклонус — беспорядочное хаотичное движение глазных яблок, сопровождающееся нарушением фиксации взора, осциллопсией и сопряжённым с ней нарушением зрения. Сочетается с миоклонусом конечностей, туловища, изменением походки. Возникает при многих патологических состояниях, наиболее часто при онкологических и постинфекционных. Редкость и необычность клинических проявлений опсоклонус-миоклонус-синдрома, а также плохая осведомлённость врачей о данной патологии вызывают диагностические трудности и ошибки. Приводим историю заболевания пациента 49 лет, у которого через 3 нед после острой кишечной инфекции возникли шаткость при ходьбе, опсоклонус, миоклонии, появились приступы стартл-рефлекса, гиперэкплексии. Проведён анализ ошибок, допущенных при подходе к диагнозу. Предложен и обоснован диагноз «Постинфекционный аутоиммунный энцефалит». Паранеопластический опсоклонус-миоклонус-синдром исключён проспективным наблюдением за пациентом на протяжении 6 лет. Отмечена высокая эффективность лечения глюкокортикоидами.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>opsoclonus-myoclonus</kwd><kwd>myoclonus</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>опсоклонус-миоклонус</kwd><kwd>миоклонии</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Wong A. An update on opsoclonus. Curr Opin Neurol. 2007;20(1):25–31. DOI: 10.1097/WCO.0b013e3280126b51.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Pranzatelli MR. The neurobiology of the opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome. Clin Neuropharmacol. 1992;15(3):186–228. DOI: 10.1097/00002826-199206000-00002.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>Klaas JP, Ahlskog JE, Pittock SJ, Matsumoto JY, Aksamit AJ, Bartleson JD, Kumar R, McEvoy KF, McKeon A. 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