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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Kazan medical journal</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Kazan medical journal</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Казанский медицинский журнал</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0368-4814</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2587-9359</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">701829</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/KMJ701829</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">MNZTXD</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Cell therapy based on mesenchymal stromal cells and their derivatives in the comprehensive treatment of chronic periodontitis</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Клеточная терапия на основе мезенхимальных стромальных клеток и их производных в комплексном лечении хронического пародонтита</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title>基于间充质干细胞及其衍生物的细胞疗法治疗慢性牙周炎的临床研究进展</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0778-5117</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4402-3614</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Dzampaeva</surname><given-names>Zhanna V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дзампаева</surname><given-names>Жанна Валерьевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine), Depart. of Pathological Physiology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, каф. патологической физиологии</p></bio><email>dzhanaeva_1991@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Dzlieva</surname><given-names>Agunda K.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дзлиева</surname><given-names>Агунда Казбековна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>student,<bold> </bold>Depart. of Pathological Physiology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>студентка, каф. патологической физиологии</p></bio><email>dzlieva.agunda@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Khubaeva</surname><given-names>Anna A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хубаева</surname><given-names>Анна Алановна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>student,<bold> </bold>Depart. of Pathological Physiology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>студентка, каф. патологической физиологии</p></bio><email>annkh2019@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gergaulova</surname><given-names>Maria M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гергаулова</surname><given-names>Мария Мэлсовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>student, Depart. of Pathological Physiology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>студентка, каф. патологической физиологии</p></bio><email>gergaulovamari@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5622-6816</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4595-3410</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Dzaraeva</surname><given-names>Ludmila B.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дзараева</surname><given-names>Людмила Батразовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine), Assistant Professor, Depart. of Chemistry</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, доцент, каф. химии</p></bio><email>miladzaraeva@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0008-1924-2006</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tagaeva</surname><given-names>Svetlana R.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тагаева</surname><given-names>Светлана Руслановна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>postgraduate student, Depart. of Pathological Physiology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант, каф. патологической физиологии</p></bio><email>elenatakoeva@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">North Ossetian State University after K.L. Khetagurov</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Северо-Осетинский государственный университет им. К.Л. Хетагурова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">North Ossetian State Medical Academy</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Северо-Осетинская государственная медицинская академия</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Real clinic</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Реал клиник</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2026-05-27" publication-format="electronic"><day>27</day><month>05</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-06-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>06</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>107</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>418</fpage><lpage>428</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-02-16"><day>16</day><month>02</month><year>2026</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2026-04-28"><day>28</day><month>04</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2026,</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2029-06-15"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://eco-vector.com/for_authors.php#07</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://kazanmedjournal.ru/kazanmedj/article/view/701829">https://kazanmedjournal.ru/kazanmedj/article/view/701829</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Chronic periodontitis is a widespread infectious inflammatory disease that leads to the destruction of the connective tissue and bony structures of the periodontium and is a primary cause of tooth loss in the adult population. Analysis of published data confirms the increasing incidence of periodontitis worldwide, regardless of age and sex, necessitating the development of not only early diagnostic methods but also effective treatment and preventive approaches. Conventional treatments aimed at controlling infection and inflammation cannot achieve complete regeneration of destroyed tissues. Consequently, a promising area of research involves investigating the potential of cell therapy using mesenchymal stromal cells. This review summarizes current data on the role of mesenchymal stromal cells from various origins (dental pulp, periodontal ligament, bone marrow, gingiva) in the pathogenesis and treatment of periodontitis. It examines both direct mechanisms (differentiation into osteoblasts and cementoblasts) and paracrine effects, including pronounced immunomodulation (restoration of the Th17/Treg cell balance, macrophage polarization), effects on angiogenesis, as well as the secretion of extracellular vesicles and exosomes. The results of preclinical studies on the efficacy of both mesenchymal stromal cells and their secretome in <italic>in vivo</italic> and <italic>in vitro</italic> models were analyzed. Particular attention was paid to the molecular mechanisms regulating the osteogenic differentiation of these cells under inflammatory conditions, including the role of long noncoding RNAs, microRNAs, and key signaling pathways in the pathogenesis of chronic periodontitis. The review also addresses the impact of systemic factors such as diabetes mellitus and aging on the regenerative potential of mesenchymal stromal cells. Based on a systematic analysis of the available data, it can be concluded that these cells and their derivatives possess high therapeutic potential for periodontal regeneration, opening new horizons for their application in clinical practice.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Хронический пародонтит — широко распространённое инфекционно-воспалительное заболевание, приводящее к деструкции соединительнотканных и костных структур пародонта и являющееся основной причиной потери зубов у взрослого населения. Анализ литературных данных подтверждает рост заболеваемости пародонтитом во всём мире независимо от возраста и пола, что обусловливает необходимость разработки не только способов и методов ранней диагностики, но и эффективных лечебно-профилактических подходов. Традиционные методы лечения, направленные на контроль инфекции и воспаления, не обеспечивают полной регенерации разрушенных тканей. В связи с этим перспективным направлением исследований является изучение возможностей клеточной терапии с использованием мезенхимальных стромальных клеток.</p> <p>Цель обзора — обобщить современные данные о роли мезенхимальных стромальных клеток различного происхождения (пульпа зуба, периодонтальная связка, костный мозг, десна) в патогенезе и лечении пародонтита.</p> <p>Подробно рассматриваются как прямые механизмы (дифференцировка в остеобласты и цементобласты), так и паракринные эффекты, включая выраженную иммуномодуляцию (восстановление баланса Тh17/Treg-клеток, поляризация макрофагов), влияние на ангиогенез, а также секрецию внеклеточных везикул и экзосом. Проанализированы результаты доклинических исследований эффективности как мезенхимальных стромальных клеток, так и их секретома в моделях <italic>in vivo </italic>и<italic> in vitro.</italic> Особое внимание уделено молекулярным механизмам, регулирующим остеогенную дифференцировку данных клеток в условиях воспаления, включая роль длинных некодирующих РНК, микроРНК и ключевых сигнальных путей в патогенезе хронического пародонтита.</p> <p>В обзоре также рассматривается влияние системных факторов, таких как сахарный диабет и старение, на регенераторный потенциал мезенхимальных стромальных клеток. На основании систематического анализа литературы можно сделать вывод об их высоком терапевтическом потенциале регенерации пародонта, что открывает новые горизонты для их применения в клинической практике.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"><p>慢性牙周炎是一种广泛传播的感染性炎症性疾病，常导致牙周结缔组织及骨结构的破坏，是成年人牙齿脱落的主要原因。文献分析表明，全球范围内牙周炎的发病率呈上升趋势，且不受年龄与性别影响，这不仅要求我们建立有效的早期诊断方法，更迫切需要开发新型的治疗与干预策略。传统的治疗手段主要致力于控制感染与炎症，但难以实现受损组织的功能性再生。因此，基于间充质干细胞的细胞疗法已成为当前研究极具潜力的方向。</p> <p>本综述旨在归纳并总结当前关于不同来源（包括牙髓、牙周膜、骨髓及牙龈）的间充质干细胞在牙周炎发病机制及治疗中的研究进展，探讨其在牙周组织修复与临床应用中的潜力。</p> <p>本综述详细探讨了间充质干细胞的作用机制，包括直接机制（如向成骨细胞和牙骨质细胞的分化）及旁分泌效应。旁分泌效应涵盖了显著的免疫调节作用（如恢复Th17/Treg细胞平衡、诱导巨噬细胞极化）、对血管生成的调控，以及细胞外囊泡与外泌体的分泌功能。文中系统分析了间充质干细胞及其分泌组学在体内（<italic>in vivo</italic>）和体外（<italic>in vitro</italic>）实验模型中的临床前研究成果。此外，重点阐述了在炎症微环境下调节干细胞成骨分化的分子机制，包括长链非编码RNA（lncRNA）、微小RNA（miRNA）以及在慢性牙周炎发病机制中起关键作用的信号通路调控。</p> <p>同时，本综述还探讨了糖尿病及衰老等全身性因素对间充质干细胞再生潜能的影响。通过对现有文献的系统性分析，可以得出结论：间充质干细胞在牙周组织再生领域展现出极高的治疗潜力，这为未来的临床实践应用开启了崭新的视角。</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>periodontitis</kwd><kwd>mesenchymal stromal cells</kwd><kwd>review</kwd><kwd>periodontal regeneration</kwd><kwd>regenerative medicine</kwd><kwd>periodontal diseases</kwd><kwd>tissue engineering</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>пародонтит</kwd><kwd>мезенхимальные стволовые клетки</kwd><kwd>обзор</kwd><kwd>регенерация пародонта</kwd><kwd>регенеративная медицина</kwd><kwd>заболевания пародонта</kwd><kwd>тканевая инженерия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="zh"><kwd>牙周炎</kwd><kwd>间充质干细胞</kwd><kwd>综述</kwd><kwd>牙周再生</kwd><kwd>再生医学</kwd><kwd>牙周疾病</kwd><kwd>组织工程</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Liu J, Ruan J, Weir MD, et al. 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