<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Kazan medical journal</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Kazan medical journal</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Казанский медицинский журнал</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0368-4814</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2587-9359</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">698244</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/KMJ698244</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">EEUFWS</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Role of Diaphorase in Intracellular Activation of Prodrugs in Targeted Chemotherapy of Cancers</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Роль диафоразы во внутриклеточной активации пролекарств таргетной химиотерапии онкологических заболеваний</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-1296-1861</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4245-8787</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Fedorov</surname><given-names>V. N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Федоров</surname><given-names>Владимир Николаевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor, Head, Scientific Department of the Institute of Pharmacy; Head, Pharmacological Research Department, M.V. Dorogov Center for Pharmaceutical Technology Transfer</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор, начальник, научный отдел института фармации; начальник, отдел фармакологических исследований Центра трансфера фармацевтических технологий им. М.В. Дорогова</p></bio><email>fedorov.vladimir@hotmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0009-6739-6154</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4873-5508</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Vdovichenko</surname><given-names>Vladimir P.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Вдовиченко</surname><given-names>Владимир Петрович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="BY">Belarus</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine), Assistant Professor, Depart. of Pharmacology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> канд. мед. наук, доцент, каф. фармакологии</p></bio><email>vmariposa60@yahoo.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0913-2571</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2897-2520</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Korsakov</surname><given-names>Michael K.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Корсаков</surname><given-names>Михаил Константинович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Chemistry), Assistant Professor, Head, Depart. of Biochemistry; director, M.V. Dorogov Pharmaceutical Technology Transfer Center</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р хим. наук, доцент, заведующий, каф. биологической химии; директор, Центр трансфера фармацевтических технологий им. М.В. Дорогова</p></bio><email>mkkors@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7931-1711</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3994-4146</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Romanycheva</surname><given-names>Anna A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Романычева</surname><given-names>Анна Александровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Biology), research associate, Scientific Department of the Institute of Pharmacy; research associate, M.V. Dorogov Pharmaceutical Technology Transfer Center</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. биол. наук, научный сотрудник, научный отдел института фармации; научный сотрудник, Центр трансфера фармацевтических технологий им. М.В. Дорогова</p></bio><email>kai-ren@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-5743-6948</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2266-1112</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Korovina</surname><given-names>Alena V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Коровина</surname><given-names>Алена Вадимовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>junior research associate, Scientific Department of the Institute of Pharmacy; research engineer, M.V. Dorogov Pharmaceutical Technology Transfer Center</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>младший научный сотрудник, научный отдел института фармации; инженер-исследователь, Центр трансфера фармацевтических технологий им. М.В. Дорогова</p></bio><email>a.korovina@yspu.org</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0297-8163</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4974-9170</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Arshinov</surname><given-names>Andrej V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Аршинов</surname><given-names>Андрей Владимирович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor, Head, Depart. of Propaedeutics of Internal Diseases</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор, заведующий, каф. пропедевтики внутренних болезней</p></bio><email>a_arshinov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3176-2716</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9047-1399</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Suleimanov</surname><given-names>Salavat S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сулейманов</surname><given-names>Салават Шейхович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor, directo</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор, директор по развитию</p></bio><email>suleymanov-sh@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Yaroslavl State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Ярославский государственный медицинский университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Yaroslavl State Pedagogical University named after K.D. Ushinsky</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Ярославский государственный педагогический университет им. К.Д. Ушинского</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Grodno State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Гродненский государственный медицинский университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Saiko Russian-Japanese Medical Center</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российско-японский медицинский центр «Саико»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2026-04-23" publication-format="electronic"><day>23</day><month>04</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>107</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-12-09"><day>09</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2026-01-15"><day>15</day><month>01</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2029-04-23"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://eco-vector.com/for_authors.php#07</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://kazanmedjournal.ru/kazanmedj/article/view/698244">https://kazanmedjournal.ru/kazanmedj/article/view/698244</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Diaphorase (NQO1, NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1) is an important biomarker of the presence and progression of cancer and also plays a key role in the activation of prodrugs used in targeted chemotherapy of tumors. This work aimed to compare data from long-term studies of the role of diaphorase in the intracellular activation of prodrugs used in targeted chemotherapy of oncologic diseases. The review includes data from relevant publications describing the biochemical functions of diaphorase, its role in oncology, and possibilities for increasing the effectiveness of antitumor therapy through induction of this enzyme. Articles published from 2000 to 2025 and indexed in the databases PubMed, ScienceDirect, and eLIBRARY.RU were analyzed. The study used methods of internet analysis, content analysis, and historical and descriptive-analytical approaches. Diaphorase accelerates the two-electron reduction of quinones to hydroquinones, preventing the formation of free radicals whereas simultaneously providing bioreductive activation of a number of cytotoxic drugs. Overexpression of diaphorase in malignant cells makes it possible to use this enzyme as a biocatalytic mechanism for selective delivery and activation of prodrugs, thereby increasing therapeutic effectiveness. The review examines modern enzyme–prodrug strategies, including ADEPT (Antibody-Directed Enzyme Prodrug Therapy), GDEPT (Gene-Directed Enzyme Prodrug Therapy), and PMT (Prodrug Monotherapy), as well as prospects for induction of diaphorase by compounds of the 1,2-dithiole-3-thione class and phytochemical agents. The relationship between NQO1 activity, mitochondrial dysfunction of tumor cells, and initiation of apoptosis is emphasized. Overall, diaphorase is considered a promising molecular target for the development of new bioreductive and mitochondria-targeted antitumor drugs.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Диафораза (NQO1, НАД(Ф)Н-хиноноксидоредуктаза 1) является важным биомаркёром наличия и прогрессирования злокачественных новообразований, а также играет ключевую роль в активации пролекарств, применяемых в таргетной химиотерапии опухолей. Цель обзора — сравнение данных многолетних исследований, посвящённых роли диафоразы во внутриклеточной активации пролекарств таргетной химиотерапии онкологических заболеваний. В обзор включены данные релевантных публикаций, описывающих биохимические функции диафоразы, её роль в онкологии, а также возможности повышения эффективности противоопухолевой терапии путём индукции данного фермента. Проанализированы статьи, опубликованные в период 2000–2025 гг. и представленные в базах данных PubMed, ScienceDirect, eLibrary.Ru. В исследовании использованы методы интернет-анализа, контент-анализа, исторический и описательно-аналитический методы. Диафораза ускоряет двухэлектронное восстановление хинонов до гидрохинонов, предотвращая образование свободных радикалов и одновременно обеспечивая биоредуктивную активацию ряда цитотоксических препаратов. Сверхэкспрессия диафоразы в злокачественных клетках позволяет использовать её в качестве биокаталитического механизма для селективной доставки и активации пролекарств, что способствует повышению терапевтической эффективности. В обзоре рассмотрены современные стратегии «фермент — пролекарство», включая ADEPT (Antibody-Directed Enzyme Prodrug Therapy), GDEPT (Gene-Directed Enzyme Prodrug Therapy), PMT (Prodrug Monotherapy), а также перспективы индукции диафоразы соединениями класса 1,2-дитиол-3-тионов и фитохимическими агентами. Подчёркивается взаимосвязь активности NQO1 с митохондриальной дисфункцией опухолевых клеток и инициацией апоптоза. В целом диафораза рассматривается как перспективная молекулярная мишень для разработки новых биоредуктивных и митохондриально-таргетных противоопухолевых препаратов.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>diaphorase (NQO1)</kwd><kwd>prodrugs</kwd><kwd>targeted chemotherapy</kwd><kwd>mitochondria</kwd><kwd>apoptosis</kwd><kwd>bioreductive drugs</kwd><kwd>mitocans</kwd><kwd>review</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>диафораза (NQO1)</kwd><kwd>пролекарства</kwd><kwd>таргетная химиотерапия</kwd><kwd>митохондрии</kwd><kwd>апоптоз</kwd><kwd>биоредуктивные препараты</kwd><kwd>митоканы</kwd><kwd>обзор</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Государственное задание на осуществление научных исследований и разработок Ярославского государственного медицинского университета на 2025 год по теме: «Разработка новых лекарственных препаратов для таргетной химиотерапии онкологических заболеваний на основе конденсированных производных бензимидазола с узловым атомом азота».</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source></award-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This work was prepared as a part of the state assignment for research and development of Yaroslavl State Medical University for 2025 on the Development of New Drugs for Targeted Chemotherapy of Oncological Diseases Based on Condensed Benzimidazole Derivatives With a Nodal Nitrogen Atom.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Статья подготовлена в рамках государственного задания на осуществление научных исследований и разработок Ярославского государственного медицинского университета на 2025 год по теме: «Разработка новых лекарственных препаратов для таргетной химиотерапии онкологических заболеваний на основе конденсированных производных бензимидазола с узловым атомом азота».</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Wu Z, Xia F, Lin R. Global burden of cancer and associated risk factors in 204 countries and territories, 1980-2021: a systematic analysis for the GBD 2021. J Hematol Oncol. 2024;17(1):119. doi: 10.1186/s13045-024-01640-8 EDN: YUPSVA</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Wu W, Zhang R. Cancer trends and risk factors in China over the past 30 years (1990–2019). J Cancer. 2023;14(10):1935–1945. doi: 10.7150/jca.83162 EDN: DYDVDO</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>Bray F, Laversanne M. Global cancer statistics 2022: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA: Cancer J Clin. 2024;74:229–263. doi: 10.3322/caac.21834 EDN: FRJDQH</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><mixed-citation>Gu YF, Lin FP, Epstein RJ. How aging of the global population is changing oncology. Ecancermedicalscience. 2021;15:ed119. doi: 10.3332/ecancer.2021.ed119 EDN: QGAEUT</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><mixed-citation>Samet JM, Chiu WA, Cogliano V, et al. The IARC Monographs: Updated Procedures for Modern and Transparent Evidence Synthesis in Cancer Hazard Identification. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2020;112(1):30–37. doi: 10.1093/jnci/djz169 EDN: KSACXE</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><mixed-citation>Pushparaja. International Agency for Research on Cancer classification of carcinogens. Radiation Protection and Environment. 2018;41(2):104105. doi: 10.4103/rpe.RPE_59_18</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><mixed-citation>Rezende LFM, Murata E, Giannichi B, et al. Cancer cases and deaths attributable to lifestyle risk factors in Chile. BMC Cancer. 2020;20(1):693. doi: 10.1186/s12885-020-07187-4 EDN: NUDEZP</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><mixed-citation>Soerjomataram I, Shield K, Marant-Micallef C, et al. Cancers related to lifestyle and environmental factors in France in 2015. Eur J Cancer. 2018;105:103–113. doi: 10.1016/j.ejca.2018.09.009</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><mixed-citation>Marino P, Mininni M, Deiana G, et al. Healthy Lifestyle and Cancer Risk: Modifiable Risk Factors to Prevent Cancer. Nutrients. 2024;16(6):800. doi: 10.3390/nu16060800 EDN: WFJWHO</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><mixed-citation>Smith CEP, Prasad V. Targeted Cancer Therapies. Am Fam Physician. 2021;103(3):155–163.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><mixed-citation>Katzung B. Katzung's Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, 16th Edition. OH: Mc Graw Hill; 2024. ISBN: 978-1-260-46330-9</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><mixed-citation>Mishra AB, Nishank SS. Therapeutic targeting approach on epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity to combat cancer metastasis. Med Oncol. 2023;40(7):190. doi: 10.1007/s12032-023-02049-y EDN: WHFFEN</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><mixed-citation>Chen SH, Yu JH, Lin YC, et al. Application of an Integrated Single-Cell and Three-Dimensional Spheroid Culture Platform for Investigating Drug Resistance Heterogeneity and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) in Lung Cancer Subclones. Int J Mol Sci. 2025;26(4):1766. doi: 10.3390/ijms26041766 EDN: LCJHLR</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><mixed-citation>Giang I, Boland EL, Poon GM. Prodrug applications for targeted cancer therapy. AAPS J. 2014;16(5):899–913. doi: 10.1208/s12248-014-9638-z EDN: QUTXHX</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><mixed-citation>Xu B, Sun Y, Singh SV. Mechanism of resistance to mitomycin C in a human bladder cancer cell line. Zhonghua Zhong Liu Za Zhi. 1995;17(5):343–346.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><mixed-citation>Xu BH, Gupta V, Singh SV. Mechanism of differential sensitivity of human bladder cancer cells to mitomycin C and its analogue. Br J Cancer. 1994;69(2):242–246. doi: 10.1038/bjc.1994.46</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><mixed-citation>Tietze LF, Schmuck K. Prodrugs for targeted tumor therapies: recent developments in ADEPT, GDEPT and PMT. Curr Pharm Des. 2011;17(32):3527–3547. doi: 10.2174/138161211798194459</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><mixed-citation>Connors TA, Knox RJ. Prodrugs in cancer chemotherapy. Stem Cells. 1995;13(5):501–511. doi: 10.1002/stem.5530130507 EDN: XXMALN</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B19"><label>19.</label><mixed-citation>Both GW. Recent progress in gene-directed enzyme prodrug therapy: an emerging cancer treatment. Curr Opin Mol Ther. 2009;11(4):421–432.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B20"><label>20.</label><mixed-citation>Beyer RE, Segura-Aguilar JE, Ernster L. The anticancer enzyme DT diaphorase is induced selectively in liver during ascites hepatoma growth. Anticancer Res. 1988;8(2):233–238.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B21"><label>21.</label><mixed-citation>Mikami K, Shirakusa T, Tsuruo T. DT-diaphorase. Gan To Kagaku Ryoho. 1997;24(11):1606–1610.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B22"><label>22.</label><mixed-citation>Seow HA, Penketh PG, Baumann RP, Sartorelli AC. Bioactivation and resistance to mitomycin C. Methods Enzymol. 2004;382:221–233. doi: 10.1016/S0076-6879(04)82012-3</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B23"><label>23.</label><mixed-citation>Spanswick VJ, Cummings J, Smyth JF. Enzymology of mitomycin C metabolic activation in tumour tissue. Characterization of a novel mitochondrial reductase. Biochem Pharmacol. 1996;51(12):1623–1630. doi: 10.1016/0006-2952(96)00104-9 EDN: AKPMDT</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B24"><label>24.</label><mixed-citation>Varentsov VE, Rumyantseva TA, Myasishcheva TS. Distribution of NADPH-diaphorase positive structures of the rat olfactory bulb during ontogenesis. Pavlov Russian Medical and Biological Bulletin. 2018;26(1):5–20. doi: 10.23888/PAVLOVJ20182615-20 EDN: YVOYYZ</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B25"><label>25.</label><mixed-citation>Timm S, Wittmi M, Gamlien S, et al. Mitochondrial Dihydrolipoyl Dehydrogenase Activity Shapes Photosynthesis and Photorespiration of Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Cell. 2015;27(7):1968–1984. doi: 10.1105/tpc.15.00105 EDN: SSLIJL</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B26"><label>26.</label><mixed-citation>Tossetta G, Fantone S, Goteri G, et al. The Role of NQO1 in Ovarian Cancer. Int J Mol Sci. 2023;24(9):7839. doi: 10.3390/ijms24097839 EDN: IPGIPV</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B27"><label>27.</label><mixed-citation>Khan AEMA, Arutla V, Srivenugopal KS. Human NQO1 as a Selective Target for Anticancer Therapeutics and Tumor Imaging. Cells. 2024;13(15):1272. doi: 10.3390/cells13151272 EDN: SPJWBO</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B28"><label>28.</label><mixed-citation>Hu TY, Jin X, Qi ZT, et al. Design, synthesis, and anti-cancer evaluation of NQO1-responsive prodrug of gemcitabine. Eur J Med Chem. 2025;300:118146. doi: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2025.118146 EDN: ZQUDGD</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B29"><label>29.</label><mixed-citation>Ross D, Kepa JK, Winski SL, et al. NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1): chemoprotection, bioactivation, gene regulation and genetic polymorphisms. Chem Biol Interact. 2000;129(1–2):77–97. doi: 10.1016/s0009-2797(00)00199-x</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B30"><label>30.</label><mixed-citation>Armstrong JS. Mitochondrial medicine: pharmacological targeting of mitochondria in disease. Br J Pharmacol. 2007;151(8):1154–1165. doi: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0707288 EDN: LYMJUD</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B31"><label>31.</label><mixed-citation>Heller A, Brockhoff G, Goepferich A. Targeting drugs to mitochondria. Eur J Pharm Biopharm. 2012;82(1):1–18. doi: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2012.05.014 EDN: RKWHEJ</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B32"><label>32.</label><mixed-citation>Zong WX, Rabbinate JD, White E. Mitochondria and Cancer. Mol Cell. 2016;61(5):667–676. doi: 10.1016/j.molcel.2016.02.011 EDN: WPLWDL</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B33"><label>33.</label><mixed-citation>Nguyen C, Pandey S. Exploiting Mitochondrial Vulnerabilities to Trigger Apoptosis Selectively in Cancer Cells. Cancers. 2019;29;11(7):916. doi: 10.3390/cancers11070916 EDN: WEWHOW</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B34"><label>34.</label><mixed-citation>Yang Y, An Y, Ren M, et al. The mechanisms of action of mitochondrial targeting agents in cancer: inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation and inducing apoptosis. Front Pharmacol. 2023;14:1243613. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1243613 EDN: OBANPM</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B35"><label>35.</label><mixed-citation>Hamilton C, Fox JP, Longley DB. Therapeutics Targeting the Core Apoptotic Machinery. Cancers. 2022;14(6):1441. doi: 10.3390/cancers14061441 EDN: FZZJJE</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B36"><label>36.</label><mixed-citation>Kaur I, Behl T, Sachdeva M, et al. Exploring the Mitochondrial Apoptotic Cell Death Landscape and Associated Components Serving as Molecular Targets, Primarily for Synthetic and Natural Drugs Targeting Oncology Therapeutics. Curr Mol Pharmacol. 2021;14(6):1066–1082. doi: 10.2174/1874467214666210120145537 EDN: RRNCHC</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B37"><label>37.</label><mixed-citation>Ralph SJ, Low P, Dong L, et al. Mitocans: mitochondrial targeted anti-cancer drugs as improved therapies and related patent documents. Recent Pat Anticancer Drug Discov. 2006;1(3):327–346. doi: 10.2174/157489206778776952 EDN: RMZLOP</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B38"><label>38.</label><mixed-citation>Grasso D, Zampieri L, Capeloa T. Mitochondria in cancer. Cell Stress. 2020;4(6):114–146. doi: 10.15698/cst2020.06.221 EDN: BWQLNE</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B39"><label>39.</label><mixed-citation>Begleiter A, Leith MK, Curphey TJ, Doherty GP. Induction of DT-diaphorase in cancer chemoprevention and chemotherapy. Oncol Res. 1997;9(6-7):371–382.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B40"><label>40.</label><mixed-citation>Chetial P, Borgohain M. Role of Nutraceuticals in Treatment and Prevention of Cancer. Eur Chem Bull. 2023;12:1125–1149. doi: 10.31838/ecb/2023.12.sa1.102</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B41"><label>41.</label><mixed-citation>Sachdeva V, Roy A, Bharadvaja N. Current Prospects of Nutraceuticals: A Review. Curr Pharm Biotechnol. 2020;21(10):884–896. doi: 10.2174/1389201021666200130113441 EDN: XIKVLQ</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B42"><label>42.</label><mixed-citation>Martinovic LS, Persuric Z, Pavelic K. Nutraceuticals and Metastasis Development. Molecules. 2020;25(9):2222. doi: 10.3390/molecules25092222 EDN: KRIBAF</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B43"><label>43.</label><mixed-citation>Prasad S, Gupta SC, Tyagi AK. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cancer: Role of antioxidative nutraceuticals. Cancer Lett. 2017;387:95–105. doi: 10.1016/j.canlet.2016.03.042 EDN: QCIJYP</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B44"><label>44.</label><mixed-citation>Maiuolo J, Gliozzi M, Carresi C, et al. Nutraceuticals and Cancer: Potential for Natural Polyphenols. Nutrients. 2021;13(11):3834. doi: 10.3390/nu13113834 EDN: XVNVPF</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B45"><label>45.</label><mixed-citation>Begleiterabc A, Leith M, Doherty G. Factors influencing the induction of DT-diaphorase activity by 1,2-dithiole-3-thione in human tumor cell lines. Biochem Pharmacol. 2001;61(8):955–964. doi: 10.1016/S0006-2952(01)00537-8 EDN: AMJQTD</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B46"><label>46.</label><mixed-citation>Takakuwa O, Oguri T, Ozasa H, et al. C609T polymorphism of NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1 as a predictive biomarker for response to amrubicin. J Thorac Oncol. 2011;6(11):1826-32. doi: 10.1097/JTO.0b013e318229137d</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B47"><label>47.</label><mixed-citation>Danson S, Ward TH, Butler J, Ranson M. DT-diaphorase: a target for new anticancer drugs. Cancer Treat Rev. 2004;30(5):437–449. doi: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2004.01.002</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B48"><label>48.</label><mixed-citation>Yan D, Xu X, Ren C, et al. DT-diaphorase triggered theranostic nanoparticles induce the self-burst of reactive oxygen species for tumor diagnosis and treatment. Acta Biomater. 2021;125:267-279. doi: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.02.033 EDN: EPBRRP</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B49"><label>49.</label><mixed-citation>Liu P, Xu J, Yan D, et al. A DT-diaphorase responsive theranostic prodrug for diagnosis, drug release monitoring and therapy. Chem Commun (Camb). 2015;51(46):9567–9570. doi: 10.1039/C5CC02149A</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B50"><label>50.</label><mixed-citation>Oh ET, Park HJ. Implications of NQO1 in cancer therapy. BMB Rep. 2015;48(11):609–617. doi: 10.5483/bmbrep.2015.48.11.190</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>
