<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Kazan medical journal</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Kazan medical journal</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Казанский медицинский журнал</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0368-4814</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2587-9359</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">693963</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/KMJ693963</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">CAJNTT</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Theoretical and clinical medicine</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Теоретическая и клиническая медицина</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Rare variants of genes in metabolic pathways of abdominal obesity formation in men with coronary atherosclerosis: a cross-sectional study</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Редкие варианты генов метаболических путей формирования абдоминального ожирения у мужчин с коронарным атеросклерозом: одномоментное исследование</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title>冠状动脉粥样硬化男性腹型肥胖代谢通路相关基因的稀有变异：一项横断面研究</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5316-4664</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9177-6439</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Garbuzova</surname><given-names>Evgeniia V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гарбузова</surname><given-names>Евгения Витальевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD,<bold> </bold>Cand. Sci. (Medicine), research associate, Genetic and Environmental Determinants of the Human Life Cycle, Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, научный сотрудник, лаб. генетических и средовых детерминант жизненного цикла человека, Научно-исследовательский институт терапии и профилактической медицины</p></bio><email>stryukova.j@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3999-8501</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9641-2299</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Semaev</surname><given-names>Sergey E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Семаев</surname><given-names>Сергей Евгеньевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD,<bold> </bold>Cand. Sci. (Medicine), research associate, Genetic and Environmental Determinants of the Human Life Cycle, Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>младший научный сотрудник, лаб. молекулярно-генетических исследований терапевтических заболеваний человека, Научно-исследовательский институт терапии и профилактической медицины</p></bio><email>semaev@bionet.nsc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6108-1025</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9453-9067</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shakhtschneider</surname><given-names>Elena V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шахтшнейдер</surname><given-names>Елена Владимировна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD,<bold> </bold>Dr. Sci. (Medicine), leader research associate, lab. of molecular genetic research of therapeutic human diseases, Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, ведущий научный сотрудник, лаб. молекулярно-генетических исследований терапевтических заболеваний человека, Научно-исследовательский институт терапии и профилактической медицины</p></bio><email>shakhtshneyderev@bionet.nsc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0403-545X</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8294-6980</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ivanoshchuk</surname><given-names>Dinara E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иванощук</surname><given-names>Динара Евгеньевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>research associate, lab. of molecular genetic research of therapeutic human diseases, Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>научный сотрудник, лаб. молекулярно-генетических исследований терапевтических заболеваний человека, Научно-исследовательский институт терапии и профилактической медицины</p></bio><email>dinara2084@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6584-2060</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2202-3800</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Timoshchenko</surname><given-names>Olga V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тимощенко</surname><given-names>Ольга Владимировна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD,<bold> </bold>Cand. Sci. (Medicine), research associate, lab. of Etiopathogenesis and Clinic of therapeutic human diseases, Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, научный сотрудник, лаб. этиопатогенеза и клиники внутренних заболеваний, Научно-исследовательский институт терапии и профилактической медицины</p></bio><email>lentis@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Федеральный исследовательский центр Институт цитологии и генетики Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2026-05-27" publication-format="electronic"><day>27</day><month>05</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-06-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>06</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>107</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>325</fpage><lpage>334</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-10-21"><day>21</day><month>10</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2026-01-26"><day>26</day><month>01</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2026,</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2029-06-15"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://eco-vector.com/for_authors.php#07</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://kazanmedjournal.ru/kazanmedj/article/view/693963">https://kazanmedjournal.ru/kazanmedj/article/view/693963</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Background: </bold>Using common and rare molecular genetic markers, genetic risk scores for ischemic heart disease are being developed, and their associations with the severity of atherosclerosis, levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, and nonHDL cholesterol are being studied.</p> <p><bold>Aim: </bold>To analyze nucleotide sequence variants in genes associated with metabolic processes, depending on the presence of unstable atherosclerotic plaques in the coronary arteries of patients with and without abdominal obesity.</p> <p><bold>Methods: </bold>The study included 42 men aged 42–69 years (mean age 55.74 ± 5.85 years) with coronary atherosclerosis, either with or without abdominal obesity (22 patients without obesity and 17 with obesity). Wholeexome sequencing was performed using standard kits. Normality testing for variable distribution was performed using the Shapiro–Wilk test. Data for categorical variables are presented as absolute and relative values—<italic>n</italic> (%), for continuous variables—as Me (25; 75), where Me is the median, 25th and 75th percentiles (1st and 3rd quartiles).</p> <p><bold>Results: </bold>Patients with coronary atherosclerosis and abdominal obesity were found to have rare variants with a minor allele frequency ≤0.001 (dbGaP) in the <italic>ADIPOQ</italic> (rs76533408) and <italic>APLNR</italic> (rs199589565, rs150922621) genes. Patients with coronary atherosclerosis, abdominal obesity, and unstable atherosclerotic plaques were found to have a rare variant rs190996557 in the <italic>CCL2</italic> gene. A number of genetic variants associated with an increased risk of metabolic disorders and cardiovascular disease were identified in patients with coronary atherosclerosis and overweight. The rs4994 variant (G = 0.07) in the <italic>ADRB3</italic> gene, associated with decreased hormone-sensitive lipase expression and an increased risk of developing obesity and ischemic heart disease, was identified. The rs3745368 variant of the <italic>RETN</italic> gene (A = 0.04) was associated with a predisposition to type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and insulin resistance. The rs696217 variant of the <italic>GHRL</italic> gene (T = 0.08) was associated with the risk of developing obesity.</p> <p><bold>Conclusion: </bold>Rare genetic variants in the <italic>ADIPOQ</italic> (rs76533408), <italic>APLNR</italic> (rs199589565, rs150922621) and <italic>CCL2 </italic>(rs190996557) genes were identified in patients with coronary atherosclerosis and abdominal obesity<italic>.</italic></p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование</bold>.<bold> </bold>С использованием частых и редких молекулярно-генетических маркёров формируются шкалы генетического риска ишемической болезни сердца, при этом изучаются их ассоциации с выраженностью атеросклероза, уровнем холестерина липопротеинов низкой плотности, триглицеридов и холестерина, не входящего в состав липопротеинов высокой плотности.</p> <p><bold>Цель исследования</bold>.<bold> </bold>Проанализировать варианты нуклеотидной последовательности в генах, связанных с метаболическими процессами, в зависимости от наличия нестабильных атеросклеротических бляшек в коронарных артериях у пациентов с абдоминальным ожирением и без него.</p> <p><bold>Методы</bold>.<bold> </bold>В исследование включены 42 мужчины в возрасте 42–69 лет (средний возраст — 55,74±5,85 года) с коронарным атеросклерозом на фоне абдоминального ожирения и без него (22 пациента без ожирения и 17 — с ожирением). Проведено полноэкзомное секвенирование с использованием стандартных наборов. Проверку распределения переменных на нормальность осуществляли с использованием теста Шапиро–Уилка. Данные для категориальных переменных представлены в виде абсолютных и относительных значений — n (%), для непрерывных переменных — в виде Me (25; 75), где Me — медиана, 25-й и 75-й процентили (1-й и 3-й квартили).</p> <p><bold>Результаты</bold>.<bold> </bold>У пациентов с коронарным атеросклерозом и абдоминальным ожирением выявлены редкие варианты с частотой минорного аллеля ≤0,001 (dbGaP) в генах <italic>ADIPOQ</italic> (rs76533408) и <italic>APLNR</italic> (rs199589565, rs150922621). У пациентов с коронарным атеросклерозом, абдоминальным ожирением и наличием нестабильных атеросклеротических бляшек выявлен редкий вариант rs190996557 в гене <italic>CCL2</italic>. У пациентов с коронарным атеросклерозом и избыточной массой тела обнаружен ряд генетических вариантов, ассоциированных с повышенным риском развития метаболических нарушений и сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний. В гене <italic>ADRB3</italic> определён вариант rs4994 (G=0.07), ассоциированный со снижением экспрессии гормончувствительной липазы и повышенным риском развития ожирения и ишемической болезни сердца. Вариант rs3745368 гена <italic>RETN</italic> (A=0,04) ассоциирован с предрасположенностью к сахарному диабету 2-го типа, артериальной гипертензии и инсулинорезистентности. Вариант rs696217 гена <italic>GHRL</italic> (T=0,08) ассоциирован с риском развития ожирения.</p> <p><bold>Заключение</bold>.<bold> </bold>У пациентов с коронарным атеросклерозом и абдоминальным ожирением выявлены редкие генетические варианты в генах <italic>ADIPOQ</italic> (rs76533408), <italic>APLNR</italic> (rs199589565, rs150922621) и <italic>CCL2 </italic>(rs190996557)<italic>.</italic></p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"><p><bold>论证</bold>：利用常见及罕见的分子遗传标记构建冠心病遗传风险评分，并以此探讨其与动脉粥样硬化严重程度、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、甘油三酯及非高密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平之间的关联。</p> <p><bold>目的</bold>：分析腹型肥胖患者与非腹型肥胖患者在冠状动脉内不稳定性粥样硬化斑块形成背景下，与代谢过程相关基因的核苷酸序列变异情况。</p> <p><bold>方法</bold>：本研究共纳入 42 名 42 至 69 岁的男性患者（平均年龄 55.74±5.85 岁），所有受试者均患有冠状动脉粥样硬化，且分为腹型肥胖组与非腹型肥胖组（分别为 17 例和 22 例）。采用标准试剂盒进行全外显子组测序。使用 Shapiro-Wilk 检验对变量的正态性分布进行验证。分类变量以绝对值和百分比 [n (%)] 表示；连续变量以中位数及四分位间距 [Me (Q1; Q3)] 表示。</p> <p><bold>结果</bold>：在合并腹型肥胖的冠状动脉粥样硬化患者中，发现 <italic>ADIPOQ </italic>(rs76533408) 和 <italic>APLNR </italic>(rs199589565, rs150922621) 基因中存在次要等位基因频率 ≤0.001（参考 dbGaP 数据库）的罕见变异。在伴有腹型肥胖且存在不稳定粥样硬化斑块的冠状动脉粥样硬化患者中，鉴定出 <italic>CCL2 </italic>基因的罕见变异 rs190996557。在超重并伴有冠状动脉粥样硬化的患者中，发现了一系列与代谢紊乱和心血管疾病高风险相关的遗传变异。其中，<italic>ADRB3 </italic>基因中的变异 rs4994 (G=0.07) 与激素敏感性脂肪酶 的表达降低相关，并增加了肥胖和冠心病的发病风险。<italic>RETN </italic>基因的变异 rs3745368 (A=0.04) 与 2 型糖尿病、原发性高血压及胰岛素抵抗的易感性相关。<italic>GHRL </italic>基因的变异 rs696217 (T=0.08) 与肥胖的发生风险相关。</p> <p><bold>结论</bold>：在伴有腹型肥胖的冠状动脉粥样硬化患者中，已鉴定出 <italic>ADIPOQ </italic>(rs76533408)、<italic>APLNR </italic>(rs199589565, rs150922621) 及 <italic>CCL2 </italic>(rs190996557) 基因中的罕见遗传变异。</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>coronary atherosclerosis</kwd><kwd>abdominal obesity</kwd><kwd>whole-exome sequencing</kwd><kwd>ADIPOQ</kwd><kwd>APLNR</kwd><kwd>CCL2</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>коронарный атеросклероз</kwd><kwd>абдоминальное ожирение</kwd><kwd>полноэкзомное секвенирование</kwd><kwd>ADIPOQ</kwd><kwd>APLNR</kwd><kwd>CCL2</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="zh"><kwd>冠状动脉粥样硬化</kwd><kwd>腹型肥胖</kwd><kwd>全外显子组测序</kwd><kwd>ADIPOQ</kwd><kwd>APLNR</kwd><kwd>CCL2</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский научный фонд</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Russian science foundation</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>24-25-00079</award-id></award-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This work was supported by Russian Science Foundation Grant No. 24-25-00079 (supervised by E.V. Garbuzova).</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено при финансовой поддержке гранта РНФ № 24-25-00079 (руководитель — Е.В. Гарбузова).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Bilitou A, Were J, Farrer A, et al. Prevalence and Patient Outcomes of Adult Primary Hypercholesterolemia and Dyslipidemia in the UK: Longitudinal Retrospective Study Using a Primary Care Dataset from 2009 to 2019. Clinicoecon Outcomes Res. 2022;14:189–203. doi: 10.2147/CEOR.S347085 EDN: PTXODS</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Dwivedi AK, Dubey P, Cistola DP, Reddy SY. Association Between Obesity and Cardiovascular Outcomes: Updated Evidence from Meta-analysis Studies. Curr Cardiol Rep. 2020;22(4):25. doi: 10.1007/s11886-020-1273-y EDN: QRKDMJ</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>He Z, Luo J, Lv M, et al. Characteristics and evaluation of atherosclerotic plaques: an overview of state-of-the-art techniques. Front Neurol. 2023;14:1159288. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1159288 EDN: QUQRJZ</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><mixed-citation>Seo YB, Kang SG, Song SW. Relationship between metabolically healthy obesity and coronary artery calcification. Obes Res Clin Pract. 2024;18(1):28–34. doi: 10.1016/j.orcp.2024.01.006 EDN: SUSYRQ</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><mixed-citation>Ershova AI, Meshkov AN, Kutsenko VA, et al. Validation of genetic risk scores for coronary artery disease, developed on European population samples, in Russian population. Cardiovascular Therapy and Prevention. 2023;22(12):3856. doi: 10.15829/1728-8800-2023-3856 EDN: BMUPKW</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><mixed-citation>Semaev S, Shakhtshneider E. Genetic Risk Score for Coronary Heart Disease: Review. J Pers Med. 2020;10(4):239. doi: 10.3390/jpm10040239 EDN: RRZOZH</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><mixed-citation>Waksman R, Seruys PW, Schaar J. Handbook of the vulnerable plaque. 2nd ed. London: CRC Press; 2006. 424 p. doi: 10.3109/9781439804537</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><mixed-citation>Richards S, Aziz N, Bale S, et al. Standards and guidelines for the interpretation of sequence variants: a joint consensus recommendation of the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics and the Association for Molecular Pathology. Genet Med. 2015;17(5):405–424. doi: 10.1038/gim.2015.30 EDN: UTYXCB</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><mixed-citation>Stenson PD, Ball EV, Mort M, et al. Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD): 2003 update. Hum Mutat. 2003;21(6):577–581. doi: 10.1002/humu.10212</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><mixed-citation>Landrum MJ, Lee JM, Benson M, et al. ClinVar: improving access to variant interpretations and supporting evidence. Nucleic Acids Res. 2018;46(D1):D1062–D1067. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkx1153</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><mixed-citation>Fokkema IF, Taschner PE, Schaafsma GC, et al. LOVD v.2.0: the next generation in gene variant databases. Hum Mutat. 2011;32(5):557–563. doi: 10.1002/humu.21438</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><mixed-citation>Bairqdar A, Shakhtshneider E, Ivanoshchuk D, et al. Rare Variants of Obesity-Associated Genes in Young Adults with Abdominal Obesity. J Pers Med. 2023;13(10):1500. doi: 10.3390/jpm13101500 EDN: NHGZFW</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><mixed-citation>Jiao ZT, Luo Q. Molecular Mechanisms and Health Benefits of Ghrelin: A Narrative Review. Nutrients. 2022;14(19):4191. doi: 10.3390/nu14194191 EDN: OEADPM</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><mixed-citation>El Eid L, Reynolds CA, Tomas A, Ben Jones. Biased agonism and polymorphic variation at the GLP-1 receptor: Implications for the development of personalised therapeutics. Pharmacol Res. 2022;184:106411. doi: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106411 EDN: JNGDHC</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><mixed-citation>Dorsey-Trevino EG, Kaur V, Mercader JM, et al. Association of GLP1R Polymorphisms With the Incretin Response. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2022;107(9):2580–2588. doi: 10.1210/clinem/dgac374 EDN: BXXPBE</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><mixed-citation>Wei J, Liu F, Lu Z, et al. Differential m6A, m6Am, and m1A Demethylation Mediated by FTO in the Cell Nucleus and Cytoplasm. Mol Cell. 2018;71(6):973–985.e5. doi: 10.1016/j.molcel.2018.08.011</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><mixed-citation>Chen J, Tan B, Karteris E, et al. Secretion of adiponectin by human placenta: differential modulation of adiponectin and its receptors by cytokines. Diabetologia. 2006;49(6):1292–1302. doi: 10.1007/s00125-006-0194-77 EDN: UDGBNN</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><mixed-citation>Siitonen N, Pulkkinen L, Lindström J, et al. Association of ADIPOQ gene variants with body weight, type 2 diabetes and serum adiponectin concentrations: the Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study. BMC Med Genet. 2011;12:5. doi: 10.1186/1471-2350-12-5 EDN: OAPFWN</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B19"><label>19.</label><mixed-citation>Palit SP, Patel R, Jadeja SD, et al. A genetic analysis identifies a haplotype at adiponectin locus: Association with obesity and type 2 diabetes. Sci Rep. 2020;10(1):2904. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-59845-z</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B20"><label>20.</label><mixed-citation>Wu J, Liu Z, Meng K, Zhang L. Association of adiponectin gene (ADIPOQ) rs2241766 polymorphism with obesity in adults: a meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2014;9(4):e95270. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0095270 EDN: AFBOKT</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B21"><label>21.</label><mixed-citation>Abbas A, Hoidy W. Association of ADIPOQ (rs 2241766) Gene Polymorphism with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients A Case-Control Study. Biomedicine and Chemical Sciences. 2022;1(2):88–92. doi: 10.48112/bcs.v1i2.124 EDN: QXWQXR</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B22"><label>22.</label><mixed-citation>Reyes Leon-Cachon RB, Salinas-Santander MA, Alejandra Aguilar-Tamez D, et al. ADIPOQ-rs2241766 polymorphism is associated with changes in cholesterol levels of Mexican adolescents. J Appl Biomed. 2022;20(4):146–153. doi: 10.32725/jab.2022.017 EDN: CILHRR</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B23"><label>23.</label><mixed-citation>Pogozheva AV, Sorokina EY Association of rs266729 and rs16861194 polymorphisms of the ADIPOQ gene with the risk of obesity in residents of the Moscow region. Almanac of Clinical Medicine. 2021;49(5):315–322. doi: 10.18786/2072-0505-2021-49-038 EDN: FZUATX</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B24"><label>24.</label><mixed-citation>Al-Nbaheen MS. Effect of Genetic Variations in the ADIPOQ Gene on Susceptibility to Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes. 2022;15:2753–2761. doi: 10.2147/DMSO.S377057 EDN: FZSRIO</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B25"><label>25.</label><mixed-citation>Yoshikawa M, Asaba K, Nakayama T. The APLNR gene polymorphism rs7119375 is associated with an increased risk of development of essential hypertension in the Chinese population: A meta-analysis. Medicine. 2020;99(50):e22418. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000022418 EDN: FXBLYM</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B26"><label>26.</label><mixed-citation>Ding Q, Xing J, Bai F, et al. C1QC, VSIG4, and CFD as Potential Peripheral Blood Biomarkers in Atrial Fibrillation-Related Cardioembolic Stroke. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2023;2023:5199810. doi: 10.1155/2023/5199810 EDN: PWDHMG</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B27"><label>27.</label><mixed-citation>Yadegari M, Zare-Feyzabadi R, Zakariaeiseraji M, et al. Interaction between the genetic variant of rs696217-ghrelin and food intake and obesity and dyslipidemia. Ann Hum Genet. 2022;86(1):14–23. doi: 10.1111/ahg.12443 EDN: MOPEOK</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B28"><label>28.</label><mixed-citation>Buraczynska M, Golacki J, Zaluska W. Leu72Met Polymorphism in Ghrelin Gene: A Potential Risk Factor for Hypertension in Type 2 Diabetes Patients. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes. 2023;16:557–564. doi: 10.2147/DMSO.S393373 EDN: DOQIBY</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B29"><label>29.</label><mixed-citation>Ma X, Huang J, Lu D, et al. Genetic Variability of the Glucose-Dependent Insulinotropic Peptide Gene Is Involved in the Premature Coronary Artery Disease in a Chinese Population with Type 2 Diabetes. J Diabetes Res. 2018;2018:6820294. doi: 10.1155/2018/6820294</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B30"><label>30.</label><mixed-citation>Xu T, Liu M, Liu Q, et al. Associations of TCF7L2 rs11196218 (A/G) and GLP-1R rs761386 (C/T) Gene Polymorphisms with Obesity in Chinese Population. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes. 2021;14:2465–2472. doi: 10.2147/DMSO.S310069 EDN: LHWYQW</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B31"><label>31.</label><mixed-citation>Wu Y, Ma Y. CCL2-CCR2 signaling axis in obesity and metabolic diseases. J Cell Physiol. 2024;239(4):e31192. doi: 10.1002/jcp.31192 EDN: IUKTLR</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B32"><label>32.</label><mixed-citation>Claussnitzer M, Dankel SN, Kim KH, et al. FTO Obesity Variant Circuitry and Adipocyte Browning in Humans. N Engl J Med. 2015;373(10):895–907. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1502214</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B33"><label>33.</label><mixed-citation>Al-Barqaawi MA, Al-Kashwan TA, Mahdi AG, et al. The impact of omentin-1 gene polymorphisms (rs2274907 and rs2274908) on serum lipid concentrations and coronary artery disease in a sample of Iraqi individuals (A pilot study). Clin Biochem. 2022;100:29–34. doi: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2021.11.005 EDN: YMDSXF</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B34"><label>34.</label><mixed-citation>Onur Cura D, Yildiz S, Ataman E, et al. Relationship between plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 gene alterations and fibrosis in peritoneal dialysis patients. Ther Apher Dial. 2021;25(1):97–102. doi: 10.1111/1744-9987.13501 EDN: BUBJYH</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B35"><label>35.</label><mixed-citation>Morange PE, Saut N, Alessi MC, et al. Association of plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI)-1 (SERPINE1) SNPs with myocardial infarction, plasma PAI-1, and metabolic parameters: the HIFMECH study. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2007;27(10):2250–2257. doi: 10.1161/ATVBAHA.107.149468</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B36"><label>36.</label><mixed-citation>Fan Q, Li H, Qin Y, et al. Association of SERPINE1 rs6092 with type 2 diabetes and related metabolic traits in a Chinese population. Gene. 2018;661:176–181. doi: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.04.011</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B37"><label>37.</label><mixed-citation>Kadowaki H, Yasuda K, Iwamoto K, et al. A mutation in the beta 3-adrenergic receptor gene is associated with obesity and hyperinsulinemia in Japanese subjects. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1995;215(2):555–560. doi: 10.1006/bbrc.1995.2500</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B38"><label>38.</label><mixed-citation>Xie C, Hua W, Zhao Y, et al. The ADRB3 rs4994 polymorphism increases risk of childhood and adolescent overweight/obesity for East Asia's population: an evidence-based meta-analysis. Adipocyte. 2020;9(1):77–86. doi: 10.1080/21623945.2020.1722549 EDN: KUGVIN</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B39"><label>39.</label><mixed-citation>Damavandi N, Soleymaniniya A, Bahrami Zadegan S, et al. Development of a genetic risk score for obesity predisposition evaluation. Mol Genet Genomics. 2022;297(6):1495–1503. doi: 10.1007/s00438-022-01923-0 EDN: SGKMSL</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B40"><label>40.</label><mixed-citation>Diniz IG, Noce RRD, Pereira AP, et al. Common BMI and diabetes-related genetic variants: A pilot study among indigenous people in the Brazilian Amazon. Genet Mol Biol. 2022;45(2):e20210153. doi:10.1590/1678-4685-GMB-2021-0153</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>
