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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Kazan medical journal</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Kazan medical journal</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Казанский медицинский журнал</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0368-4814</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2587-9359</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">691248</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/KMJ691248</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">YHBZJI</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Experimental medicine</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Экспериментальная медицина</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Correction of rat behavior under conditions of zoosocial stress using a new thietane-containing heterocyclic compound: an exploratory experimental study</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Коррекция поведения крыс в условиях зоосоциального стресса с помощью нового тиетансодержащего гетероциклического соединения: поисковое экспериментальное исследование</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title>新型硫杂环丁烷（噻丁）类化合物对群居压力大鼠行为的调节作用：一项探索性实验研究</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0009-8916-1874</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3258-0115</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Miftakhova</surname><given-names>Albina F.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мифтахова</surname><given-names>Альбина Флюровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>postgraduate student, Depart. of Pharmacology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант, каф. фармакологии</p></bio><email>albmifflu@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6283-5762</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4044-3774</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Nikitina</surname><given-names>Irina L.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Никитина</surname><given-names>Ирина Леонидовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr, Sci. (Medicine), Professor, Depart. of Pharmacology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор, каф. фармакологии</p></bio><email>irennixleo@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1936-3720</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5903-0310</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gaisina</surname><given-names>Gulnara G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гайсина</surname><given-names>Гульнара Галиевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine), Depart. of Pharmacology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, каф. фармакологии</p></bio><email>gulnara_gaisina@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7538-6030</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7520-9021</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Klen</surname><given-names>Elena E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Клен</surname><given-names>Елена Эдмундовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Pharmacy), Professor, Depart. of Pharmaceutical, Analytical and Toxicological Chemistry</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р фарм. наук, профессор, каф. фармацевтической, аналитической и токсикологической химии</p></bio><email>klen_elena@yahoo.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0564-4246</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1736-0514</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Khaliiullin</surname><given-names>Ferkat A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Халиуллин</surname><given-names>Феркат Адельзянович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Pharmacy), Professor, Depart. of Pharmaceutical, Analytical and Toxicological Chemistry</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р фарм. наук, профессор, каф. фармацевтической, аналитической и токсикологической химии</p></bio><email>farmchem@bashgmu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-8542-9997</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7393-9711</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gabidullin</surname><given-names>Rishat A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Габидуллин</surname><given-names>Ришат Анварович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><email>rishat@gabidullin.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Bashkir State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Башкирский государственный медицинский университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Biocad</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Биокад</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2026-05-20" publication-format="electronic"><day>20</day><month>05</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-06-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>06</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>107</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>343</fpage><lpage>351</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-09-23"><day>23</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2026-02-04"><day>04</day><month>02</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2026,</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2029-06-15"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://eco-vector.com/for_authors.php#07</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://kazanmedjournal.ru/kazanmedj/article/view/691248">https://kazanmedjournal.ru/kazanmedj/article/view/691248</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Background: </bold>Zoosocial interaction (ZSI), which possesses high predictive validity, phenomenological similarity to human depression, and similar pathophysiological mechanisms, allows for detailed characterization of the antidepressant effect of new compounds.</p> <p><bold>Aim: </bold>To study the effect of 5-bromo-2-(thietan-3-yl)-2,4-dihydro-3H-1,2,4-triazol-3-one (compound 5BTDT) on rat behavior in the ZSI model.</p> <p><bold>Methods: </bold>The ZSI model was reproduced in outbred white rats (<italic>n</italic> = 24), divided into four groups: vehicle, compound 5BTDT, stress, and stress + compound 5BTDT. The model was established through daily intermale confrontations between intruders and residents (from day 0 to day +5). Compound 5BTDT was administered intraperitoneally for 7 days at 8.5 mg/kg/day. The effect of the compound on intruder behavior was assessed during a 10minute interaction with residents (from day 0 to day +5), as well as in the forced swimming test (day +5), open field test, and elevated plus maze (day +6). Additionally, body weight, food consumption (from day –1 to day +6), and internal organ weights (at autopsy, day +6) were recorded. Statistical analysis was performed using R software version 3.5.1 (R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Austria). Effect size was estimated as a percentage relative to the reference group or baseline. The Wilcoxon test (for dependent and independent samples) was used for comparisons; results are presented as V or W statistics and <italic>p</italic>-values.</p> <p><bold>Results: </bold>Compound 5BTDT exhibited antidepressant activity, significantly reducing the duration of immobilization in the forced swimming test in intact rats (by 55.2% ; W = 31; <italic>p </italic>= 0.045). In stressed animals, a decrease in this parameter by 46.4% was observed (W = 24; <italic>p </italic>= 0.336). The compound also counteracted ZSIinduced behavioral changes in intruders, increasing active control over the social environment: it increased the proportion of defensive behavior (by 7.3% ; V = 1; <italic>p </italic>= 0.045) and social interaction (by 0.8%; due to an increase in fighting by 0.5%; V = 6; <italic>p </italic>= 0.065), and also reduced the intensity of social investigation (by 6.1%; V = 1; <italic>p </italic>= 0.066). Behavior in the elevated plus maze and open field tests, as well as body weight gain in stressed and intact rats following administration of compound 5BTDT, did not change. The compound prevented ZSIinduced thymus atrophy.</p> <p><bold>Conclusion: </bold>Under conditions of intermale confrontations, compound 5BTDT exerts an antidepressant effect and contributes to the correction of intruder behavioral responses to stress exposure.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование</bold>. Метод зоосоциального взаимодействия (ЗСВ), обладающий высокой прогностической валидностью, феноменологическим сходством с депрессией у человека и близкими патофизиологическими механизмами, позволяет детально охарактеризовать антидепрессивный эффект новых соединений.</p> <p><bold>Цель исследования</bold>. Изучить влияние 5-бром-2-(тиетан-3-ил)-2,4-дигидро-3Н-1,2,4-триазол-3-она (соединение 5БТДТ) на поведение крыс на модели ЗСВ.</p> <p><bold>Методы</bold>. Модель ЗСВ воспроизводили на белых неинбредных крысах (n=24), разделённых на четыре группы: «Контроль», «Соединение 5БТДТ», «Стресс», «Стресс + соединение 5БТДТ».. Модель формировали путём ежедневных межсамцовых конфронтаций интрудеров с резидентами (с 0 по +5-й день). Соединение 5БТДТ вводили внутрибрюшинно в течение 7 дней в дозе 8,5 мг/кг/сут. Оценивали влияние соединения на поведение интрудеров в ходе 10-минутного взаимодействия с резидентами (с 0 по +5-й день), а также в тестах «принудительное плавание» (+5-й день), «открытое поле» и «приподнятый крестообразный лабиринт» (+6-й день). Дополнительно регистрировали массу тела, потребление корма (с −1 по +6-й дни) и массу внутренних органов (при аутопсии, +6-й день). Статистический анализ проводили с использованием программного обеспечения R 3.5.1 (R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Австрия). Величину эффекта оценивали в процентах относительно референсной группы или исходного уровня. Для сравнения использовали критерий Уилкоксона (для зависимых и независимых выборок); результаты представлены в виде статистик V или W и значения <italic>p</italic>.</p> <p><bold>Результаты</bold>. Соединение 5БТДТ оказывало антидепрессивное действие, значимо снижая длительность иммобилизации в тесте принудительного плавания у интактных крыс (на 55,2%; W=31; <italic>p</italic>=0,045). У стрессированных животных наблюдалось снижение данного показателя на 46,4% (W=24; <italic>p</italic>=0,336). Соединение также противодействовало ЗСВ-индуцированным изменениям поведения интрудеров, повышая активный контроль над социальной средой: увеличивало долю защитного поведения (на 7,3%; V=1; <italic>p</italic>=0,045) и социального взаимодействия (на 0,8%; за счёт увеличения борьбы на 0,5%; V=6; <italic>р</italic>=0,065), а также снижало выраженность социального исследования (на 6,1%; V=1; <italic>p</italic>=0,066). Поведение животных в тестах «приподнятый крестообразный лабиринт» и «открытое поле», а также прирост массы тела у стрессированных и интактных крыс при введении соединения 5БТДТ не изменялись. Соединение предотвращало ЗСВ-индуцированную атрофию тимуса.</p> <p><bold>Заключение</bold>. В условиях межсамцовых конфронтаций соединение 5БТДТ оказывает антидепрессивное действие и способствует коррекции поведенческих реакций интрудеров на стрессовое воздействие.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"><p><bold>论证</bold>：社会心理交互应激模型（Zoosocial interaction, ZSI）具有较高的预测效度，其表型与人类抑郁症具有相似性，且病理生理机制高度重合，因此该模型是评估新型化合物抗抑郁作用的理想实验方案。</p> <p><bold>目的</bold>：5-溴-2-(硫杂环丁-3-基)-2,4-二氢-3H-1,2,4-三唑-3-酮（化合物 5BTDT）对 ZSI 动物模型中大鼠行为的影响。</p> <p><bold>方法</bold>：本研究采用 ZSI 模型，选取 24 只白化非近交系大鼠，随机分为 4 组：对照组、5BTDT 组、应激组以及应激+5BTDT 组。通过每日进行雄性大鼠之间的攻击性对抗建立应激模型（第 0 至 +5 天，入侵者与居住者模型）。5BTDT 组腹腔注射给药，剂量为 8.5 mg/kg/d，连续给药 7 天。评价指标包括：在第 0 至 +5 天期间，观察入侵者与居住者进行 10 分钟社交互动时的行为表现；此外，于第 +5 天进行强迫游泳实验，第 +6 天进行旷场实验及高架十字迷宫实验。同时记录大鼠体重、摄食量（第 -1 至 +6 天），并在处死后（第 +6 天）测定内脏器官重量。使用 R 3.5.1 软件（R Foundation for Statistical Computing, 奥地利）进行统计学分析。效应量以相对于参照组或基线水平的百分比表示。组间及组内比较采用 Wilcoxon 检验，结果以 V 或 W 统计值及 p 值表示。</p> <p><bold>结果</bold>：化合物 5BTDT 显示出抗抑郁作用。在强迫游泳实验中，该化合物能显著降低正常大鼠的僵滞时间（下降 55.2%；W=31，<italic>p</italic>=0.045）；而在应激模型大鼠中，该指标下降了 46.4%（W=24，<italic>p</italic>=0.336）。此外，该化合物可拮抗 ZSI 诱导的入侵者大鼠行为改变，并提高其对社会环境的主动控制能力：防御性行为比例增加了 7.3%（V=1，<italic>p</italic>=0.045），社会互动比例增加了 0.8%（其中争斗行为增加了 0.5%；V=6，<italic>p</italic>=0.065），同时社会探测行为降低了 6.1%（V=1，<italic>p</italic>=0.066）。在旷场实验、高架十字迷宫实验以及体重增长方面，无论对于应激组还是正常大鼠，给予 5BTDT 后均未观察到显著变化。此外，该化合物还可预防 ZSI 诱导的胸腺萎缩。</p> <p><bold>结论</bold>：在雄性大鼠对抗应激条件下，化合物 5BTDT 表现出明显的抗抑郁作用，并有助于纠正入侵者大鼠在应激状态下的行为反应。</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>antidepressants</kwd><kwd>rats</kwd><kwd>social interaction</kwd><kwd>drug development</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>антидепрессанты</kwd><kwd>крысы</kwd><kwd>социальное взаимодействие</kwd><kwd>разработка лекарственных средств</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="zh"><kwd>抗抑郁药</kwd><kwd>大鼠</kwd><kwd>社会互动</kwd><kwd>药物研发</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Klen EE, Nikitina IL, Khaliullin FA, et al. 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