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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Kazan medical journal</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Kazan medical journal</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Казанский медицинский журнал</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0368-4814</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2587-9359</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">690573</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/KMJ690573</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">PFGQXW</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Experimental medicine</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Экспериментальная медицина</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">The efficacy of anti-radiation blood serum in combination with bifidobacteria metabolism products on small laboratory animals: a pilot experimental study</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Оценка эффективности противолучевой сыворотки крови в сочетании с продуктами метаболизма бифидобактерий в экспериментах на мелких лабораторных животных: поисковое экспериментальное исследование</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3832-883X</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4204-3060</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gaynutdinov</surname><given-names>Timur R.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гайнутдинов</surname><given-names>Тимур Рафкатович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Biology), Head, Lab. of Animal Radiation Protection, Lead Researcher, Assistant Professor, Depart. of Radiology, Radiotherapy, Radiation Hygiene and Radiation Safety named after Academicians A.S. Pavlov and F.G. Krotkov</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. биол. наук, заведующий, лаб. противорадиационной защиты животных, ведущий научный сотрудник, доцент, каф. радиологии, радиотерапии, радиационной гигиены и радиационной безопасности им. Акад. А.С. Павлова и Ф.Г. Кроткова</p></bio><email>gtr_timur@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2415-1084</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8058-6246</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Boichuk</surname><given-names>Sergey V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бойчук</surname><given-names>Сергей Васильевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor, corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Tatarstan, Head, Depart. of General Pathology, Dean of the Faculty of Medicine and Biology, Professor, Depart. of Radiology, Radiotherapy, Radiation Hygiene and Radiation Safety named after Academicians A.S. Pavlov and F.G. Krotkov</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор, чл.-кор. академии наук Республики Татарстан, заведующий, каф. общей патологии, декан, медико-биологический факультет, профессор, каф. радиологии, радиотерапии, радиационной гигиены и радиационной безопасности им. акад. А.С. Павлова и Ф.Г. Кроткова</p></bio><email>boichuksergei@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2595-353X</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5955-5712</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ryzhkin</surname><given-names>Sergey A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рыжкин</surname><given-names>Сергей Александрович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Assistant Professor, corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Tatarstan, Head, Depart. of Radiology, Radiotherapy, Radiation Hygiene and Radiation Safety named after Academicians A.S. Pavlov and F.G. Krotkov, Professor, Depart. of General Hygiene, Professor, Depart. of Medical Physics of the Institute of Physics</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, доцент, чл.-кор. Академии наук Республики Татарстан, заведующий, каф. радиологии, радиотерапии, радиационной гигиены и радиационной безопасности им. акад. А.С. Павлова и Ф.Г. Кроткова, профессор, каф. общей гигиены, профессор, каф. медицинской физики Института физики</p></bio><email>rsa777@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Federal Center for toxicological, radiation and biological safety</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Федеральный центр токсикологической, радиационной и биологической безопасности</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Kazan State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Казанский государственный медицинский университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Tatarstan Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Академия наук Республики Татарстан</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff5"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Kazan Federal University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Казанский (Приволжский) федеральный университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2026-05-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>05</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-06-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>06</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>107</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>352</fpage><lpage>361</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-09-19"><day>19</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-12-30"><day>30</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2029-06-15"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://eco-vector.com/for_authors.php#07</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://kazanmedjournal.ru/kazanmedj/article/view/690573">https://kazanmedjournal.ru/kazanmedj/article/view/690573</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Background: </bold>Radiation accidents at nuclear power facilities, the use of nuclear weapons in military conflicts, and acts of radiological terrorism can lead to severe radiation injuries requiring medical care, including the use of modern agents for early pathogenetic therapy.</p> <p><bold>Aim: </bold>To evaluate the effectiveness of anti-radiation blood serum in combination with bifidobacteria metabolism products in experiments on small laboratory animals exposed to ionizing radiation at lethal doses.</p> <p><bold>Methods: </bold>Animals were irradiated using a Puma gamma unit at an exposure dose rate of 2.31×10⁻⁵ A/kg: white mice received a dose of 7.9 Gy, and rats received 9.3 Gy. Each group consisted of six animals. Therapeutic agents were administered according to the following scheme: animals in group 1 received a single subcutaneous injection of anti-radiation serum (obtained from horses subjected to double irradiation) combined with bifidobacteria metabolism products (1 : 1 ratio) at a dose of 20 mg/kg 3 days after irradiation; animals in group 2 received anti-radiation serum alone at a dose of 50 mg/kg; animals in group 3 received no drugs (irradiation control). Animals in group 4 served as biological controls. Clinical condition, survival, average life span, hematological status, T and Blymphocyte content, and the intensity of lipid peroxidation were assessed. Statistical analysis was performed using GraphPad Prism 8.0; the significance of differences was assessed using Student’s <italic>t</italic>test and Fisher’s test.</p> <p><bold>Results: </bold>Radiation exposure at the indicated doses caused 100% mortality in both mice and rats and was accompanied by statistically significant decreases: absolute leukocyte count by 68%, erythrocyte count by 27%, hemoglobin by 24%, hematocrit by 22%, total protein by 27%, and relative T and Blymphocyte content by 66% and 70%, respectively. An increase in malondialdehyde concentration in erythrocyte hemolysate and blood plasma by 56% and 53%, respectively, was also observed. Subcutaneous administration of anti-radiation serum at 50 mg/kg on day 3 after irradiation reduced the damaging effects of radiation, increasing survival of white mice and rats to 50% and extending average life span by 6% (mice) and 59% (rats). The combination of anti-radiation serum with bifidobacteria metabolism products produced a more pronounced antiradiation effect: animal survival reached 83.3% (<italic>p </italic>= 0.0076; <italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.05), and the degree of hematopoiesis suppression also reduced.</p> <p><bold>Conclusion: </bold>A single subcutaneous administration of anti-radiation blood serum combined with bifidobacteria metabolism products exerts an antiradiation effect, promotes restoration of hematological and immunological parameters, and increases survival of irradiated animals.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование</bold>. Радиационные аварии на объектах атомной энергетики, применение ядерного оружия в военных конфликтах, а также акты радиологического терроризма могут приводить к развитию тяжёлых лучевых поражений, требующих оказания медицинской помощи, в том числе с использованием современных средств ранней патогенетической терапии.</p> <p><bold>Цель исследования</bold>. Оценить эффективность противолучевой сыворотки крови в сочетании с продуктами метаболизма бифидобактерий в экспериментах на мелких лабораторных животных, подвергнутых воздействию ионизирующего излучения в поражающих дозах.</p> <p><bold>Методы</bold>. Облучение животных проводили на гамма-установке «Пума» при мощности экспозиционной дозы 2,31×10<sup>−5 </sup>А/кг: белых мышей — в дозе 7,9 Гр, крыс — 9,3 Гр. В каждой группе использовали по шесть животных. Лечебные средства применяли по следующей схеме: животным 1-х групп через 3-е суток после облучения однократно подкожно вводили противолучевую сыворотку, полученную от лошадей, подвергнутых двукратному облучению, в сочетании с продуктами метаболизма бифидобактерий (соотношение 1:1) в дозе 20 мг/кг; животным 2-х групп — противолучевую сыворотку в дозе 50 мг/кг; животным 3-х групп препараты не вводили (контроль облучения). Животные 4-х групп служили биологическим контролем. Оценивали клиническое состояние, выживаемость, среднюю продолжительность жизни, гематологический статус, содержание Т- и В-лимфоцитов и интенсивность перекисного окисления липидов. Статистическую обработку данных проводили с использованием программы GraphPad Prism 8.0; значимость различий оценивали по критериям Стьюдента и Фишера.</p> <p><bold>Результаты</bold>. Установлено, что радиационное воздействие в указанных дозах вызывало гибель 100% мышей и крыс и сопровождалось статистически значимым снижением абсолютного количества лейкоцитов на 68%, эритроцитов — на 27%, гемоглобина — на 24%, гематокрита — на 22%, общего белка — на 27%, относительного содержания Т- и В-лимфоцитов — на 66 и 70% соответственно. Отмечено увеличение концентрации малонового диальдегида в гемолизате эритроцитов и плазме крови на 56 и 53% соответственно. Подкожное введение противолучевой сыворотки в дозе 50 мг/кг на 3-и сутки после облучения снижало поражающее действие радиации, что проявлялось увеличением выживаемости белых мышей и крыс до 50% и средней продолжительности жизни на 6% (мыши) и на 59% (крысы). Применение комбинации противолучевой сыворотки с продуктами метаболизма бифидобактерий обеспечивало более выращенный противорадиационный эффект: выживаемость животных достигла 83,3% (<italic>р</italic>=0,0076; <italic>p</italic> &lt;0,05), а также снижалась степень угнетения гемопоэза.</p> <p><bold>Заключение</bold>. Установлено, что однократное подкожное введение противолучевой сыворотки крови в сочетании с продуктами метаболизма бифидобактерий оказывает противорадиационный эффект, способствует восстановлению гематологических и иммунологических показателей организма и повышает выживаемость облучённых животных.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>ionizing radiation</kwd><kwd>radiation sickness</kwd><kwd>mice</kwd><kwd>rats</kwd><kwd>anti-radiation serum</kwd><kwd>bifidobacteria metabolism products</kwd><kwd>anti-radiation effect</kwd><kwd>survival</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ионизирующее излучение</kwd><kwd>лучевая болезнь</kwd><kwd>мыши</kwd><kwd>крысы</kwd><kwd>противолучевая сыворотка</kwd><kwd>продукты метаболизма бифидобактерий</kwd><kwd>противорадиационный эффект</kwd><kwd>выживаемость</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Департамент науки и технического прогресса Минсельхоза РФ</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Department of Science and Technological Progress of the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source></award-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This work was carried out using a subsidy allocated by the Federal Center for Toxicological, Radiation and Biological Safety (FCTRB-VNIVI) for a research project (state reg. No. 01200202604).</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена за счёт средств субсидии, выделенной ФЦТРБ-ВНИВИ для выполнения научно-исследовательской работы; государственная регистрация № 01200202604.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Ingram RJ. Emergency Response to Radiological Releases: Have We Communicated Effectively to the First Responder Communities to Prepare Them to Safely Manage These Incidents? Health Phys. 2018;114(2):208–213. doi: 10.1097/HP.0000000000000757</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Cannon G, Kiang JG. An overview of the impact of radiation on ecology: wildlife population. Int J Radiat Biol. 2020. doi: 10.1080/09553002.2020.1793021 EDN: KVTCIU</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>Knöös T. Lessons Learnt from Past Incidents and Accidents in Radiation Oncology. 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