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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Kazan medical journal</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Kazan medical journal</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Казанский медицинский журнал</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0368-4814</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2587-9359</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">690475</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/KMJ690475</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">LMKXIK</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Reconsidering bioethical principles in the era of artificial intelligence: challenges for autonomy, justice, and beneficence in medicine</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Переосмысление биоэтических принципов в эпоху искусственного интеллекта: вызовы для автономии, справедливости и благодеяния в медицине</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title>重新思考人工智能时代的生物伦理原则：医学中自治、正义和仁爱的挑战</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2875-128X</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8441-6943</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Nezhmetdinova</surname><given-names>Farida T.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Нежметдинова</surname><given-names>Фарида Тансыковна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Philosophy), Assistant Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. филос. наук, доцент</p></bio><email>nadgmi@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2772-129X</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6207-9971</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Guryleva</surname><given-names>Marina E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гурылева</surname><given-names>Марина Элисовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><email>meg4478@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Kazan State Agrarian University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Казанский государственный аграрный университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Kazan State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Казанский государственный медицинский университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2025-11-11" publication-format="electronic"><day>11</day><month>11</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-12-05" publication-format="electronic"><day>05</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>106</volume><issue>6</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>1001</fpage><lpage>1009</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-09-16"><day>16</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-10-07"><day>07</day><month>10</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2025,</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2028-12-05"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://kazanmedjournal.ru/kazanmedj/article/view/690475">https://kazanmedjournal.ru/kazanmedj/article/view/690475</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The widespread integration of artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms into clinical practice, from disease diagnosis to robotic surgery, raises questions about the adequacy of traditional bioethical principles developed for human physician decision-making. This article aimed to assess the applicability of the Beauchamp principles, namely, respect for autonomy, beneficence, and justice, to the realities of AI-mediated medicine and to propose specific strategies for their adaptation. The study involved a systematic review and thematic analysis of international scientific data, clinical cases, and regulatory documents published between 2015 and 2023. The analysis revealed fundamental contradictions. The principle of beneficence is challenged by the black box problem and diffusion of responsibility; autonomy requires revision of informed consent models and codification of the right to explanation; justice is undermined by algorithmic bias; and data confidentiality demands new approaches such as federated learning. Therefore, maintaining trust in medicine requires not the rejection but the evolution of traditional bioethical principles through the incorporation of transparency, accountability, and technical fairness. This indicates the need for new regulatory standards, mandatory algorithmic audits, and the integration of ethical design into the creation of AI-based medical systems.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Широкое внедрение алгоритмов искусственного интеллекта (ИИ) в клиническую практику — от диагностики заболеваний до роботизированной хирургии — ставит под сомнение адекватность традиционных биоэтических принципов, сформулированных в контексте принятия решений человеком-врачом. Настоящая статья направлена на критический анализ применимости принципов Бичампа — уважения автономии, благодеяния и справедливости — к реалиям медицины, опосредованной ИИ, и предлагает конкретные пути их адаптации. Методология исследования включает системный обзор и тематический анализ международной научной литературы, клинических случаев и нормативных документов за период 2015–2023 гг. В результате выявлены фундаментальные противоречия: принцип благодеяния сталкивается с проблемой «чёрного ящика» и размывания ответственности; принцип автономии требует пересмотра моделей информированного согласия и закрепления «права на объяснение»; принцип справедливости нарушается из-за алгоритмической предвзятости; конфиденциальность данных требует новых подходов, таких как федеративное обучение. В заключение подчёркивается, что сохранение доверия к медицине требует не отказа от традиционных принципов биоэтики, а их эволюции — через дополнение прозрачностью, подотчётностью и технической справедливостью. Это предполагает разработку новых регуляторных стандартов, обязательный аудит алгоритмов и интеграцию этического дизайна в процесс создания медицинских систем ИИ.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"><p>从疾病诊断到机器人手术，人工智能（AI）算法在临床实践中的广泛应用使人们对在人类医疗决策背景下制定的传统生物伦理原则的充分性提出了质疑。本文旨在批判性地分析比彻姆原则 — 尊重自主，仁爱和正义 — 对AI介导医学现实的适用性，并提出了调整它们的具体方法。研究方法包括对2015–2023期间的国际科学文献，临床案例和监管文件进行系统回顾和专题分析。结果发现了根本矛盾：仁爱原则面临"黑箱"问题，责任模糊；自主原则要求修改知情同意模式，巩固"解释权"；公平原则因算法偏见而受到侵犯；数据保密需要联合学习等新方法。最后，强调保持对医学的信任不需要放弃传统的生物伦理学原则，而是通过增加透明度，问责制和技术公平来演变它们。这包括制定新的监管标准，对算法进行强制审计，以及将道德设计融入到创建AI医疗系统的过程中。</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>bioethics</kwd><kwd>artificial intelligence</kwd><kwd>Beauchamp principles</kwd><kwd>informed consent</kwd><kwd>digital health</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>биоэтика</kwd><kwd>искусственный интеллект</kwd><kwd>принципы Бичампа</kwd><kwd>информированное согласие</kwd><kwd>цифровое здравоохранение</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="zh"><kwd>生物伦理学</kwd><kwd>人工智能</kwd><kwd>比彻姆原则</kwd><kwd>知情同意</kwd><kwd>数字医疗保健</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Averkin AN, Afanasev SD, Mikryukov AA, et al. 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