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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Kazan medical journal</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Kazan medical journal</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Казанский медицинский журнал</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0368-4814</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2587-9359</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">686821</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/KMJ686821</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">JJKCXM</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Experimental medicine</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Экспериментальная медицина</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Effect of adenosine triphosphate on periodontium in treatment of experimental periodontitis in laboratory animals</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Влияние аденозинтрифосфата на пародонт при лечении экспериментального пародонтита у лабораторных животных</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1093-1234</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3595-5537</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Butaeva</surname><given-names>Zarina R.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бутаева</surname><given-names>Зарина Ризвановна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Assistant Lecturer, Depart. of Orthopaedic Dentistry</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ассистент, каф. ортопедической стоматологии</p></bio><email>zarina0510butaeva@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9087-7927</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9723-2491</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ziganshin</surname><given-names>Ayrat U.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зиганшин</surname><given-names>Айрат Усманович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor, Head, Depart. of Pharmacology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор, заведующий, каф. фармакологии</p></bio><email>ayrat.ziganshin@kazangmu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4819-6818</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5817-9674</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shakirova</surname><given-names>Laysan R.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шакирова</surname><given-names>Ляйсан Ринатовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine), Assistant Professor, Depart. of Orthopaedic Dentistry</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, доцент, каф. ортопедической стоматологии</p></bio><email>saleeva.100mat@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3604-7321</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6693-0241</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Saleev</surname><given-names>Rinat A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Салеев</surname><given-names>Ринат Ахмедуллович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor, Depart. of Orthopaedic Dentistry, Dean, Faculty of Dentistry</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор, каф. ортопедической стоматологии, декан, стоматологический факультет</p></bio><email>rinat.saleev@kazangmu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2593-4478</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1041-9362</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tsyplakov</surname><given-names>Dmitry E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Цыплаков</surname><given-names>Дмитрий Эдуардович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor, Depart. of General Pathology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор, каф. общей патологии</p></bio><email>dr.allakazan@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9751-0637</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9140-1093</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Saleeva</surname><given-names>Gulshat T.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Салеева</surname><given-names>Гульшат Тауфиковна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor, Head, Depart. of Prosthetic Dentistry</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор, заведующий, каф. ортопедической стоматологии</p></bio><email>gulshat.saleeva@kazangmu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Kazan State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Казанский государственный медицинский университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Dental Polyclinic No. 9 of Kazan</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Стоматологическая поликлиника № 9 города Казани</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2026-01-26" publication-format="electronic"><day>26</day><month>01</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-02-08" publication-format="electronic"><day>08</day><month>02</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>107</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>69</fpage><lpage>76</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-07-06"><day>06</day><month>07</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-09-01"><day>01</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2029-02-08"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://eco-vector.com/for_authors.php#07</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://kazanmedjournal.ru/kazanmedj/article/view/686821">https://kazanmedjournal.ru/kazanmedj/article/view/686821</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>BACKGROUND</bold>: Inflammatory periodontal diseases are highly prevalent; it is one of the priority issues of contemporary dentistry.</p> <p><bold>AIM</bold>: To study the effect of topical adenosine triphosphate on periodontium in laboratory animals by immunohistochemical assay.</p> <p><bold>METHODS</bold>: Chronic periodontitis was experimentally modeled in Wistar rats. The study involved three groups of animals, 15 subjects each, including the control group with intact rats (group 1), the experimental group of standard therapy (group 2), and the experimental group of adenosine triphosphate used by the proprietary method (group 3). Following clinical and laboratory assessment, animals were sacrificed at days<sub> </sub>7, 14, and 21 post-treatment. For immunohistochemical assay, a 1.5 × 1.0 cm central lower incisor region was prepared. The obtained data were mathematically and statistically processed using Microsoft Excel software. The groups were compared using the Mann–Whitney <italic>U</italic> test. The critical level of statistical significance was set at <italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.01.</p> <p><bold>RESULTS</bold>: At day 21, in rats with a chronic periodontitis model from experimental group 3, a significantly decreased activity of CD45(+) of all leukocytes (4.9 ± 0.19), MPO(+) neutrophils (1.25 ± 0.08), CD3(+) T lymphocytes (0.78 ± 0.04), CD20(+) B lymphocytes (0.95 ± 0.07), CD68(+) macrophages (1.46 ± 0.11), and mast cell tryptase(+) (0.88 ± 0.05) was observed compared to the control group [CD45(+): 35.06 ± 2.05; <italic>p</italic> = 0.007; MPO(+): 9.62 ± 0.78; <italic>p</italic> = 0.009; CD3(+): 9.75 ± 0.80; <italic>p</italic> = 0.006; CD20(+): 13.82 ± 0.94; <italic>p</italic> = 0.001; CD68(+): 14.81 ± 1.01; <italic>p</italic> = 0.002; tryptase(+): 3.48 + 0.29; <italic>p</italic> = 0.001] and to experimental group 2 [MPO(+): 1.64 ± 0.08; <italic>p</italic> = 0.008; CD20(+): 1.94 + 0.09; <italic>p</italic> = 0.001; tryptase(+): 1.69 + 0.08; <italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.001]. At day 21, in the control group, areas of destruction were detected in the cementum and extensive necrotic and lytic areas in bone tissue were detected in the dental arch. In experimental group 2, some regions of the gingival epithelium were atrophied or showed signs of hyperkeratosis; sclerotic changes were detected in the periodontal ligament, and the cementum was thinned. At day 21 post-treatment, in experimental group 3, the gingival mucosa is lined with keratinized stratified squamous epithelium with a distinct structural organization of cells. The periodontal ligament is represented by collagen fiber bundles and loose connective tissue with cementoblasts and osteoblasts. The alveolar wall is represented by lamellar bone with osteons without defects.</p> <p><bold>CONCLUSION</bold>: Adenosine triphosphate has a pronounced anti-inflammatory effect at the early stages, significantly reduces the periodontal inflammation and contributes to the periodontal inflammation inactivation until its structures are completely restored.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование</bold>. Воспалительные заболевания пародонта характеризуются высокой распространённостью и остаются одной из приоритетных проблем современной стоматологии.</p> <p><bold>Цель исследования</bold>. Изучить эффективность топического применения аденозинтрифосфата на состояние пародонта лабораторных животных на основе результатов иммуногистохимического исследования.</p> <p><bold>Методы</bold>. У крыс линии Wistar экспериментально моделировали хронический пародонтит. Исследование проводили в трёх группах животных по 15 особей в каждой: контрольной (1-я группа) — без лечения; 2-й опытной — с применением традиционного лечения; 3-й опытной — с применением аденозинтрифосфата по авторской методике. После клинико-лабораторных исследований животных выводили из эксперимента с применением СО<sub>2</sub> на 7, 14 и 21-е сутки после завершения лечения. Для иммуногистохимического исследования готовили область центральных нижних резцов размером 1,5 × 1,0 см. Полученные данные обрабатывали математически и статистически с помощью программного обеспечения Microsoft Excel. Сравнение групп осуществляли с использованием непараметрического U-критерия Манна–Уитни. Критический уровень значимости при проверке статистических гипотез в данном исследовании принимали при <italic>p</italic> &lt; 0,01.</p> <p><bold>Результаты</bold>. У крыс с моделью хронического пародонтита в 3-й опытной группе к 21-м суткам отмечено значимое снижение активности CD45(+) всех лейкоцитов (4,9 ± 0,19), MPO(+) нейтрофилов (1,25 ± 0,08), CD3(+) Т-лимфоцитов (0,78+0,04), CD20(+) B-лимфоцитов (0,95 + 0,07), CD68(+) макрофагов (1,46+0,11) и триптазы(+) тучных клеток (0,88+0,05) по сравнению с контрольной группой [CD45(+) — 35,06 + 2,05; <italic>p</italic> = 0,007; MPO(+) — 9,62 ± 0,78; <italic>p</italic> = 0,009; CD3(+) — 9,75 ± 0,80; <italic>p</italic> = 0,006; CD20(+) — 13,82 ± 0,94; <italic>p</italic> = 0,001; CD68(+) — 14,81 ± 1,01; <italic>p</italic> = 0,002; триптаза(+) — 3,48+0,29; <italic>p</italic> = 0,001], а также по сравнению со 2-й опытной группой [MPO(+) — 1,64 ± 0,08; <italic>p</italic> = 0,008; CD20(+) — 1,94 + 0,09; <italic>p</italic> = 0,001; триптаза(+) — 1,69 + 0,08; <italic>p &lt; </italic>0,001]. На 21-е сутки в контрольной группе в цементе зуба определялись участки деструкции, а в альвеолярном отростке — обширные зоны некроза и лизиса костной ткани. Во 2-й опытной группе эпителий десны на отдельных участках был атрофирован или имел признаки гиперкератоза; в периодонтальной связке выявлялись склеротические изменения, а цемент зуба был истончён. На 21-е сутки после лечения в 3-й опытной группе слизистая оболочка десны выстлана многослойным плоским ороговевающим эпителием с чёткой структурной организацией клеток. Периодонтальная связка представлена пучками коллагеновых волокон и рыхлой соединительной тканью с наличием цементобластов и остеобластов. Стенка альвеолы представлена пластинчатой костной тканью с остеонами без дефектов.</p> <p><bold>Заключение</bold>. Действие аденозинтрифосфата оказывает выраженное противовоспалительное действие на ранних сроках, существенно снижает активность воспалительного процесса в периодонте и приводит к инактивации воспаления до полного восстановления его структур.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>adenosine triphosphate</kwd><kwd>periodontitis</kwd><kwd>morphology</kwd><kwd>immunohistochemistry</kwd><kwd>periodontal pocket irrigation</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>аденозинтрифосфат</kwd><kwd>пародонтит</kwd><kwd>морфология</kwd><kwd>иммуногистохимия</kwd><kwd>ирригация пародонтальных карманов</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Usmanova IN, Gerasimova LP, Kabirova MF, et al. The relationship of clinical and morphological signs with risk factors for the development of inflammatory periodontal diseases at young age. Clinical Dentistry (Russia). 2017;84(4):34–39. 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