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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Kazan medical journal</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Kazan medical journal</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Казанский медицинский журнал</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0368-4814</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2587-9359</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">685815</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/KMJ685815</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">CRJNCP</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Theoretical and clinical medicine</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Теоретическая и клиническая медицина</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Morphological indicators of hypertensive nephropathy: a case–control study</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Морфологические признаки гипертонической нефропатии: исследование случай — контроль</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title>高血压肾病的形态学体征：病例对照研究</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7292-4996</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3773-8785</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Cherdantseva</surname><given-names>Tat’yana M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Черданцева</surname><given-names>Татьяна Михайловна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor, Head, Depart. of Histology, Pathological Anatomy and Medical Genetics</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор, заведующий, каф. гистологии, патологической анатомии и медицинской генетики</p></bio><email>cherdan.morf@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2617-8707</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8499-0269</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shelomentsev</surname><given-names>Viktor V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шеломенцев</surname><given-names>Виктор Витальевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Assistant, Depart. of Histology, Pathological Anatomy and Medical Genetics</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ассистент, каф. гистологии, патологической анатомии и медицинской генетики</p></bio><email>shelvit94@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1435-4865</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5261-5174</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Glukhovets</surname><given-names>Il'ya B.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Глуховец</surname><given-names>Илья Борисович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine), Assistant Professor, Depart. of Histology, Pathological Anatomy and Medical Genetics</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, доцент, каф. гистологии, патологической анатомии и медицинской генетики</p></bio><email>gluhoveci@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4341-6992</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3889-1000</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Vinogradov</surname><given-names>Il’ya I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Виноградов</surname><given-names>Илья Игоревич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine), Assistant Professor, Depart. of Histology, Pathological Anatomy and Medical Genetics</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, доцент, каф. гистологии, патологической анатомии и медицинской генетики</p></bio><email>compot1707@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-1654-010X</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1765-7000</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kazanceva</surname><given-names>Galina P.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Казанцева</surname><given-names>Галина Петровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine), Assistant Professor, Depart. of Histology, Pathological Anatomy and Medical Genetics</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, доцент, каф. гистологии, патологической анатомии и медицинской генетики</p></bio><email>kazantseva.45@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Ryazan State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Рязанский государственный медицинский университет им. акад. И.П. Павлова</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh"></institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Ryazan State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Рязанский государственный медицинский университет им. акад. И.П. Павлова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2025-11-21" publication-format="electronic"><day>21</day><month>11</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-12-05" publication-format="electronic"><day>05</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>106</volume><issue>6</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>930</fpage><lpage>937</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-06-26"><day>26</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-08-25"><day>25</day><month>08</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2025,</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2028-12-05"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://eco-vector.com/for_authors.php#07</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://kazanmedjournal.ru/kazanmedj/article/view/685815">https://kazanmedjournal.ru/kazanmedj/article/view/685815</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>BACKGROUND</bold>: The diagnosis of hypertensive nephropathy is primarily based on the clinical diagnostic criteria for detecting renal dysfunction in hypertension. However, in some cases, these criteria are insufficient for establishing an accurate diagnosis.</p> <p><bold>AIM</bold>: To determine the morphometric ranges of various renal structures that can serve as criteria for detecting hypertensive nephropathy.</p> <p><bold>METHODS</bold>: Histological and morphometric analyses were performed on renal tissue samples obtained postmortem from 138 patients (one sample per individual). The patients were divided into two groups: the study group, which included 61 individuals with hypertension and laboratory signs of hypertensive nephropathy, and the comparison group, which comprised 77 patients with hypertension but without clinical or laboratory signs of nephropathy. ROC analysis was conducted to determine optimal threshold values for the percentage of sclerotic glomeruli and the Kernohan index of interlobular arteries that distinguish between patient groups with and without hypertensive nephropathy. Data distribution was assessed using the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test. For nonparametric variables, the median and interquartile range (25th–75th percentiles) were calculated. The groups were compared using the Mann–Whitney U test. The critical level of statistical significance for hypothesis testing was set at<italic> p =</italic> 0.05.</p> <p><bold>RESULTS</bold>: In patients with hypertensive nephropathy, the following renal parameters were altered: kidney mass decreased by 11% (<italic>p</italic> = 0.036); the percentage of sclerotic glomeruli increased 1.75-fold (<italic>p</italic> = 0.027); the Kernohan index of interlobular arteries increased 1.4-fold (<italic>p</italic> = 0.001); and the connective tissue area in the cortical and medullary layers increased by 1.4 (<italic>p</italic> = 0.022) and 1.8 times (<italic>p</italic> = 0.001), respectively. ROC analysis identified the threshold values for differentiating patients with and without hypertensive nephropathy: for the percentage of sclerotic glomeruli, 11.11% (the Youden index, 0.57; specificity, 0.854 [0.761–0.909]; and sensitivity, 0.732 [0.596–0.867]), and for the Kernohan index of interlobular arteries, 0.24 (the Youden index, 0.56; specificity, 0.824 [0.746–0.902]; and sensitivity, 0.739 [0.612–0.866]).</p> <p><bold>CONCLUSION</bold>: The percentage of sclerotic glomeruli and the Kernohan index of interlobular arteries can be used as diagnostic criteria for hypertensive nephropathy.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование</bold>. В настоящее время при диагностике гипертонической нефропатии используются разработанные клинические диагностические критерии выявления почечной дисфункции при артериальной гипертензии. Однако в ряде случаев этих критериев оказывается недостаточно для постановки точного диагноза.</p> <p><bold>Цель исследования</bold>. Определить границы морфометрических показателей различных структур почки человека как критерии, позволяющие установить наличие гипертонической нефропатии.</p> <p><bold>Методы</bold>. Проведён гистологический и морфометрический анализ образцов почечной ткани, полученных в ходе аутопсии от 138 пациентов (по одному образцу от каждого пациента). Все пациенты были разделены на две группы: в исследуемую группу вошёл 61 человек с установленным при жизни клиническим диагнозом «гипертоническая болезнь» и лабораторными признаки гипертонической нефропатии; группу сравнения составили 77 пациентов с диагнозом «гипертоническая болезнь» без клинических и лабораторных признаков гипертонической нефропатии. Для подбора оптимальных пороговых значений процента склерозированных клубочков почки и индекса Керногана междольковых артерий<bold>,</bold> способных достоверно распределить группы пациентов с гипертонической нефропатией и без неё, проведён ROC-анализ. Характер распределения данных оценивали с помощью критерия Колмогорова–Смирнова. Для непараметрических показателей определяли медиану и интерквартильный интервал (25-й и 75-й процентили). Для сравнения двух независимых выборок использовали непараметрический U-критерий Манна–Уитни. Критический уровень значимости (<italic>р</italic>) при проверке статистических гипотез принимали равным 0,05.</p> <p><bold>Результаты</bold>. У пациентов с гипертонической нефропатией выявлены следующие изменения параметров почки: снижение массы на 11% (<italic>p</italic>=0,036), увеличение процента склерозированных клубочков в 1,75 раза (<italic>p</italic>=0,027), повышение индекса Керногана междольковых артерий в 1,4 раза (<italic>p</italic>=0,001), а также увеличение площади соединительной ткани в корковом и мозговом слоях — в 1,4 (<italic>p</italic>=0,022) и 1,8 (<italic>p</italic>=0,001) раза соответственно. ROC-анализ показал, что пороговое значение, позволяющее разграничить пациентов с гипертонической нефропатией и без неё, для процента склерозированных клубочков почки составило 11,11% [индекс Юдена — 0,57; специфичность — 0,854 (0,761–0,909); чувствительность — 0,732 (0,596–0,867)]; пороговое значение для индекса Керногана междольковых артерий почки было равно 0,24 [индекс Юдена — 0,56; специфичность — 0,824 (0,746–0,902); чувствительность — 0,739 (0,612–0,866)].</p> <p><bold>Заключение</bold>. Определение в клинической практике процента склерозированных клубочков почки и индекса Керногана междольковых артерий можно использовать как дополнительные диагностические критерии наличия гипертонической нефропатии.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"><p><bold>论证：</bold>目前，已开发的检测动脉高血压肾功能障碍的临床诊断标准用于高血压肾病的诊断。然而，在某些情况下，这些标准不足以做出准确的诊断。</p> <p><bold>目的：</bold>确定人体肾脏各种结构的形态测量参数的边界，作为确定高血压肾病存在的标准。</p> <p><bold>方法：</bold>对来自138名患者的尸体解剖期间获得的肾组织样品（每名患者一个样品）进行组织学和形态学分析。所有患者分为两组：研究组包括61名终身临床诊断为高血压和高血压肾病实验室体征的患者；比较组包括77名诊断为高血压的患者，无高血压肾病临床和 为了选择硬化性肾小球百分比和叶间动脉克诺根指数的最佳阈值，可以可靠地分配患有和不患有高血压性肾病的患者组，进行了ROC分析。使用科尔莫戈罗夫至斯米尔诺夫标准评估数据的分布。对于非参数指标，确定中位数和四分位数范围（第25和第75百分位数）。使用非参数曼-惠特尼U检验比较两个独立样品。测试统计假设时，假设临界显着性水平（p）为0.05。</p> <p><bold>结果：</bold>在高血压肾病患者中，检测到肾脏参数的以下变化：质量减少11％（<italic>p</italic>=0.036），硬化肾小球百分比增加1.75倍（<italic>p</italic>=0.027），小叶间动脉的克诺根指数增加1.4倍（<italic>p</italic>=0.001），以及分别为1.8（<italic>p</italic>=0.001）倍。ROC分析表明，区分患有和不患有高血压肾病的患者硬化性肾小球百分比的阈值为11.11％［玉登指数 — 0.57；特异性 — 0.854（0.761–0.909）；敏感性—0.732（0.596–0.867）］；肾小叶间动脉—0.824（0.746—0.902）；灵敏度–0.739（0.612—0.866）］。</p> <p><bold>结论：</bold>在临床实践中确定肾脏硬化性肾小球的百分比和小叶间动脉的克诺根指数可用作高血压性肾病存在的额外诊断标准。</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>hypertension</kwd><kwd>hypertensive nephropathy</kwd><kwd>morphometry</kwd><kwd>morphological indicators</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>гипертоническая болезнь</kwd><kwd>гипертоническая нефропатия</kwd><kwd>морфометрия</kwd><kwd>морфологические признаки</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="zh"><kwd>高血压</kwd><kwd>高血压肾病</kwd><kwd>形态测量</kwd><kwd>形态体征</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Uryas'yev OM, Solov'yeva AV, Cheskidov AV, et al. 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