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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Kazan medical journal</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Kazan medical journal</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Казанский медицинский журнал</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0368-4814</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2587-9359</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">676834</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/KMJ676834</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">VUVZCX</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Carpal tunnel syndrome: main diagnostic approaches</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Синдром карпального канала: основные подходы к диагностике</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title>腕管综合征：诊断的主要方法</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-6283-4088</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3011-3081</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Petrenko</surname><given-names>Elizaveta A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Петренко</surname><given-names>Елизавета Алексеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>student, Faculty of Training of Doctors for the Navy</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>слушатель, факультет подготовки врачей для Военно-морского флота</p></bio><email>leeliz_09@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8685-3965</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9823-8976</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Alekseev</surname><given-names>Dmitry E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Алексеев</surname><given-names>Дмитрий Евгеньевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine), neurosurgeon, lecturer, Depart. of Neurosurgery</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, врач — нейрохирург, преподаватель, каф. нейрохирургии</p></bio><email>dealekseev@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6691-5136</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mozheyko</surname><given-names>Aleksandr R.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Можейко</surname><given-names>Александр Ростиславович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>student, Faculty for training doctors for ground, missile and airborne forces</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>слушатель, факультет подготовки врачей для сухопутных, ракетных и воздушно-десантных войск</p></bio><email>mozheyko2018@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1886-5486</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7011-6279</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gaivoronsky</surname><given-names>Alexey I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гайворонский</surname><given-names>Алексей Иванович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor, Depart. of Neurosurgery</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор, каф. нейрохирургии</p></bio><email>don-gaivoronsky@ya.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Kirov Military Medical Academy</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="kk"></institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="pt"></institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Военно-медицинская академия им. С.М. Кирова</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh"></institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Kirov Military Medical Academy</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Военно-медицинская академия им. С.М. Кирова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2026-03-13" publication-format="electronic"><day>13</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-04-07" publication-format="electronic"><day>07</day><month>04</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>107</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">Kazan medical journal</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">Казанский медицинский журнал</issue-title><fpage>263</fpage><lpage>272</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-03-04"><day>04</day><month>03</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-11-19"><day>19</day><month>11</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2026,</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2029-04-07"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://kazanmedjournal.ru/kazanmedj/article/view/676834">https://kazanmedjournal.ru/kazanmedj/article/view/676834</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This work outlines the clinical manifestations and main diagnostic approaches in carpal tunnel syndrome, as well as the rationale for selecting the diagnostic workup required to establish the diagnosis and determine treatment strategy. The work is based on information available in university and institutional libraries, as well as electronic scientific databases.</p> <p>This work aimed to review diagnostic methods for carpal tunnel syndrome described in international publications and to identify the most effective and priority diagnostic approaches for this condition.</p> <p>According to the analyzed sources, most authors identify a basic diagnostic workup that is required to confirm the final diagnosis and determine further management strategy for this tunnel neuropathy. This includes a comprehensive neurologic examination with provocation tests and electroneuromyography, as well as imaging modalities such as ultrasonography, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging.</p> <p>Carpal tunnel syndrome remains one of the most common tunnel neuropathies, particularly among individuals who do a lot of computer work, such as information technology professionals who use a mouse and keyboard for long periods of time. This has contributed to an increase in occupational disorders associated with chronic compression of the median nerve within the carpal tunnel.</p> <p>Carpal tunnel syndrome has been a major concern for many years due to its latent and gradual onset. Early clinical manifestations may be mild or nonspecific, making timely diagnosis difficult.</p> <p>The diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome does not follow a strictly defined algorithm, and additional diagnostic tests are selected on a case-by-case basis depending on the clinical presentation identified during the assessment of complaints and medical history, as well as during the neurologic examination. All diagnostic methods may be used; however, their simultaneous application is not required. In the presence of a typical clinical presentation, the diagnosis may be established without the use of high-tech diagnostic modalities.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В статье обобщены материалы, содержащие данные о клинических проявлениях, основных способах и методах диагностики синдрома карпального канала, а также обоснование выбора перечня диагностических мероприятий, результаты которых необходимы для постановки диагноза и определения тактики лечения. В работе использованы источники информации, представленные в библиотеках вузов и учреждений, а также в электронных научно-информационных базах данных.</p> <p>Цель исследования — изучить различные методы диагностики синдрома карпального канала, описанные в мировой литературе, а также определить наиболее эффективные и приоритетные диагностические подходы при данной патологии.</p> <p>Согласно проанализированным источникам, большинство авторов выделяет необходимый диагностический минимум, позволяющий установить окончательный диагноз и определить дальнейшую тактику ведения пациента с данной формой туннельной невропатии. В указанный перечень входят полноценный неврологический осмотр с использованием провокационных тестов и электронейромиография; также значимую роль играют лучевые методы диагностики, такие как ультразвуковое исследование, компьютерная и магнитно-резонансная томография.</p> <p>На сегодняшний день синдром карпального канала остаётся одной из наиболее распространённых форм туннельных невропатий, особенно среди людей, активно работающих за компьютером, в том числе специалистов в сфере IT при длительном использовании компьютерной мыши и клавиатуры. Это обусловило рост числа профессиональных заболеваний, связанных с хронической компрессией срединного нерва в области запястного канала.</p> <p>Актуальность проблемы синдрома карпального канала сохраняется на протяжении многих лет, что связано с его скрытым и постепенным началом. На ранних этапах клинические проявления могут быть слабо выраженными или неспецифичными, что существенно затрудняет своевременную диагностику.</p> <p>Диагностика синдрома карпального канала не имеет строго определённого алгоритма, а объём дополнительных диагностических исследований определяется индивидуально, исходя из клинической картины, выявленной в процессе сбора жалоб и анамнеза, а также при проведении неврологического осмотра. Все диагностические методы имеют право на применение, однако не требуют единовременного использования; при наличии типичной клинической картины диагноз может быть установлен без привлечения высокотехнологичных методов исследования.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"><p>本文汇总了关于腕管综合征（Carpal Tunnel Syndrome）临床表现、基本诊断方式与方法的文献资料，并对确诊及制定治疗方案所需的各项诊断指标进行了论证。研究参考了高校及科研机构图书馆的馆藏资源，以及各类电子科学信息数据库。</p> <p>本研究的目的是探讨全球文献中记载的各种腕管综合征诊断方法，并确定针对该病理最有效且具有优先级的诊断途径。</p> <p>根据所分析的文献来源，大多数作者指出，要确诊该型卡压性神经病变并确定后续的治疗方案，必须满足最低限度的诊断要求。该清单包括：配合诱发试验在内的全面神经系统检查，以及神经电图检查；此外，超声检查、计算机断层扫描及磁共振成像等影像学诊断方法也发挥着重要作用。</p> <p>目前，腕管综合征仍然是最常见的卡压性神经病变之一，尤其多发于频繁使用电脑的人群，包括因长时间使用鼠标和键盘的IT行业从业者。这一现象导致了与腕管区域正中神经慢性受压相关的职业病发病率呈上升趋势。</p> <p>多年来，腕管综合征的问题始终备受关注，这与其隐匿且缓慢的起病过程密切相关。在疾病早期，临床表现可能较为轻微或缺乏特异性，这极大地增加了及时诊断的难度。</p> <p>目前，腕管综合征的诊断尚无绝对统一的流程，额外诊断检查的范围取决于根据患者主诉、病史采集及神经系统检查所确定的临床表现，并进行个体化调整。所有的检查方法均可选用，但无需一次性全部使用；若临床表现典型，即使不采用高精尖的辅助检查手段，也可以做出明确诊断。</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>carpal tunnel syndrome</kwd><kwd>peripheral neuropathy</kwd><kwd>pain</kwd><kwd>neurologic deficit</kwd><kwd>diagnosis</kwd><kwd>electromyography</kwd><kwd>ultrasonography</kwd><kwd>review</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>синдром запястного канала</kwd><kwd>невропатия</kwd><kwd>болевой синдром</kwd><kwd>неврологический дефицит</kwd><kwd>диагностика</kwd><kwd>электрофизиологическое обследование</kwd><kwd>ультразвуковое исследование</kwd><kwd>обзор</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="zh"><kwd>腕管综合征</kwd><kwd>神经病变</kwd><kwd>疼痛综合征</kwd><kwd>神经功能缺损</kwd><kwd>诊断</kwd><kwd>电生理检查</kwd><kwd>超声检查</kwd><kwd>综述</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Golubev VL, Merkulova DM, Orlova OR, Danilov AB. 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