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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Kazan medical journal</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Kazan medical journal</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Казанский медицинский журнал</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0368-4814</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2587-9359</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">675775</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/KMJ675775</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">EVNMXB</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Local Cryotherapy in Traumatology and Orthopedics: A Review of Current Approaches and Potential Clinical Use</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Локальная криотерапия в травматологии и ортопедии: обзор современных подходов и перспектив клинического применения</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1737-7838</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5796-8324</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Pushkarev</surname><given-names>Aleksandr V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пушкарев</surname><given-names>Александр Васильевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Engineering), Leading Engineer, Depart. 3.1, Acting Head, Depart. of Medical Equipment</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. техн. наук, ведущий инженер, отдел 3.1, и.о. зав., каф. медицинской техники</p></bio><email>pushkarev@bmstu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6799-5450</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4390-3138</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Saakyan</surname><given-names>Natalia Y.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Саакян</surname><given-names>Наталия Юрьевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Student, Engineer, Depart. 3.1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>студент, инженер, отдел 3.1</p></bio><email>saakyan@bmstu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6110-8101</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1894-4707</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shakurov</surname><given-names>Alexey V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шакуров</surname><given-names>Алексей Валерьевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Engineering), Head, Depart. 3.1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р техн. наук, заведующий, отдел 3.1</p></bio><email>shakurov@bmstu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2050-5298</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">J-4948-2015</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5499-9080</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bychkov</surname><given-names>Evgeny G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бычков</surname><given-names>Евгений Геннадьевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Engineering), Senior Researcher, Depart. 3.1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. техн. наук, старший научный сотрудник, отдел 3.1</p></bio><email>bychkov.eg@bmstu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8465-0593</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8832-1995</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Butorina</surname><given-names>Antonina V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Буторина</surname><given-names>Антонина Валентиновна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Chief Researcher, Depart. 3.1, Professor of the Depart. of Rehabilitation, Sports Medicine, and Physical Education</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, главный научный сотрудник, отдел 3.1, профессор, каф. реабилитации, спортивной медицины и физической культуры</p></bio><email>avbutorina@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Bauman Moscow State Technical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Московский государственный технический университет им. Н.Э. Баумана (национальный исследовательский университет)</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">The Russian National Research Medical University named after N.I. Pirogov</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2025-05-30" publication-format="electronic"><day>30</day><month>05</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-06-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>106</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>432</fpage><lpage>445</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-02-28"><day>28</day><month>02</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-04-04"><day>04</day><month>04</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2028-06-15"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://kazanmedjournal.ru/kazanmedj/article/view/675775">https://kazanmedjournal.ru/kazanmedj/article/view/675775</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Local cryotherapy is a treatment method used for injuries, musculoskeletal diseases, connective tissue diseases, and post-surgical rehabilitation. Novel technologies such as non-contact cooling with cold gases, augmented compression, and skin temperature regulation, have improved the effectiveness of cryotherapy and expanded its applications. However, it is still important to improve treatment protocols and determine optimal exposure parameters. Therefore, publications on the use of local cryotherapy in traumatology and orthopedics were reviewed to systematize clinical practice approaches and determine the key principles for the development of the treatment option. This article reviews studies on various local cryotherapy options used to treat musculoskeletal diseases and to rehabilitate patients after joint surgery, sport-related injuries, and bone tissue damage. It describes the mechanisms of action and the factors that influence the treatment effectiveness and safety. Local cryotherapy offers several therapeutic benefits, including reduced inflammation and pain, faster recovery of joint function, and reduced need for analgesics. Although more research is needed to confirm its effectiveness, local cryotherapy shows promise as a treatment for bone tissue healing. Most of the current evidence of effectiveness has been obtained from preclinical studies in animal models. Additional studies are required to confirm the applicability and safety of this treatment option in clinical practice. These studies should aim to optimize treatment parameters and evaluate treatment safety. Further randomized studies in humans are also needed. Local cryotherapy has been shown to effectively treat musculoskeletal diseases and rehabilitate musculoskeletal injuries. However, more research is needed to optimize treatment regimens based on the location of the injury and the area of cooling. Further research is needed to develop personalized, local cryotherapy protocols that consider patient characteristics, therapy goals, and the nature of the disease.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Локальная криотерапия — метод лечения травм, заболеваний костно-мышечной системы и соединительной ткани, а также реабилитации после хирургических вмешательств. С появлением новых технологий — бесконтактного воздействия охлаждёнными газами, дополнительной компрессии и контроля температуры кожи — повысилась эффективность криопроцедур и расширились возможности метода. Однако совершенствование протоколов лечения, определение оптимальных параметров воздействия остаются актуальными задачами. Нами проведён анализ публикаций по применению локальной криотерапии в травматологии и ортопедии для систематизации подходов в клинической практике и определения ключевых принципов развития метода. Представлены результаты анализа исследований различных методов локальной криотерапии, включая применение при заболеваниях опорно-двигательного аппарата, реабилитации после операций на суставах, спортивных травмах и повреждениях костной ткани с акцентом на механизмы действия, факторы, влияющие на эффективность и безопасность использования. Рассмотрены ключевые терапевтические эффекты локальной криотерапии: снижение воспаления, уменьшение болевого синдрома, ускорение функционального восстановления суставов и сокращение потребности в анальгетиках. Перспективным, но пока недостаточно подтверждённым направлением является применение локальной криотерапии для ускорения заживления костной ткани. На данный момент доказательства эффективности в основном получены в доклинических исследованиях на животных моделях. Для подтверждения применимости и безопасности данной методики в клинической практике требуются дополнительные исследования, направленные на оптимизацию параметров воздействия и оценку безопасности, а также необходимы дальнейшие рандомизированные исследования на людях. Установлено, что локальная криотерапия обладает потенциалом в лечении заболеваний и реабилитации после получения травм опорно-двигательного аппарата, но требует дальнейшего изучения для оптимизации режимов проведения в зависимости от области охлаждения и патологии. Необходимы дальнейшие исследования для разработки персонализированных протоколов применения локальной криотерапии с учётом индивидуальных особенностей пациентов, задач терапии и характера патологии.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>local cryotherapy</kwd><kwd>traumatology</kwd><kwd>orthopedics</kwd><kwd>rehabilitation</kwd><kwd>joint diseases</kwd><kwd>sport-related injuries</kwd><kwd>bone tissue</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>локальная криотерапия</kwd><kwd>травматология</kwd><kwd>ортопедия</kwd><kwd>реабилитация</kwd><kwd>заболевания суставов</kwd><kwd>спортивные травмы</kwd><kwd>костная ткань</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский научный фонд</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Russian Science Foundation</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>24-79-10153</award-id></award-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский научный фонд</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Russian Science Foundation</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>20-79-10190</award-id></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Hermann J. 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