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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Kazan medical journal</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Kazan medical journal</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Казанский медицинский журнал</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0368-4814</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2587-9359</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">654022</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/KMJ654022</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Theoretical and clinical medicine</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Теоретическая и клиническая медицина</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Alterations of phospholipid fractions in patients with HIV/tuberculosis coinfection under different treatment regimens</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Динамика фракций фосфолипидов у пациентов с коинфекцией ВИЧ/туберкулёз на фоне различных схем терапии</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4408-7542</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2831-7593</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kravchenko</surname><given-names>Irina E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кравченко</surname><given-names>Ирина Эдуардовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Prof., Depart. Infectious Diseases</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-p. мед. наук, проф., каф. инфекционных болезней</p></bio><email>kravchencoie@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2268-5533</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5176-1462</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Makarov</surname><given-names>Pavel V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Макаров</surname><given-names>Павел Викторович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ass. Prof., Depart. Infectious Diseases and Epidemiology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>асс., каф. инфекционных болезней и эпидемиологии</p></bio><email>global-create@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0001-3521-053X</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9265-5175</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Starikov</surname><given-names>Sergey V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Стариков</surname><given-names>Сергей Владимирович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Assistant Prof., Depart. Infectious Diseases and Epidemiology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, доц., каф. инфекционных болезней и эпидемиологии</p></bio><email>starikov.s69@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0008-3658-7727</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1968-5093</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Nozdrevatykh</surname><given-names>Oleg V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ноздреватых</surname><given-names>Олег Васильевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Assistant Prof., Depart. Infectious Diseases and Epidemiology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, доц., зав. каф. инфекционных болезней и эпидемиологии</p></bio><email>lotos-223@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8073-7411</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8910-5384</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Chaynikova</surname><given-names>Elena A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чайникова</surname><given-names>Елена Александровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Ass. Prof., Depart. Infectious Diseases and Epidemiology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, асс., каф. инфекционных болезней и эпидемиологии</p></bio><email>lepasch@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Kazan State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Казанский государственный медицинский университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Tver State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Тверской государственный медицинский университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2025-03-26" publication-format="electronic"><day>26</day><month>03</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-04-20" publication-format="electronic"><day>20</day><month>04</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>106</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>165</fpage><lpage>171</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-02-06"><day>06</day><month>02</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-03-06"><day>06</day><month>03</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2028-04-20"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://kazanmedjournal.ru/kazanmedj/article/view/654022">https://kazanmedjournal.ru/kazanmedj/article/view/654022</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>BACKGROUND:</bold> Alterations in phospholipid fraction balance represent one of the mechanisms underlying lipid metabolism disorders in HIV infection.</p> <p><bold>AIM:</bold> To investigate the dynamics of phospholipid fractions in patients with HIV/tuberculosis coinfection undergoing monotherapy with antitubercular agents versus combined antiretroviral and anti-tuberculosis therapy.</p> <p><bold>MATERIAL AND METHODS:</bold> A comparative study of phospholipid fractions (sphingomyelin, phosphatidylcholine, lysophospholipids, phosphatidylethanolamine) was conducted using chromatography in two groups of patients with HIV-associated tuberculosis: Group 1 (100 patients) received tuberculosis chemotherapy (isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide, ethambutol), while Group 2 (100 patients) received antiretroviral therapy (tenofovir, lamivudine, efavirenz) alongside treatment with antitubercular agents. The control group consisted of 50 healthy individuals. CD4 lymphocyte counts and HIV RNA viral load were measured in all patients. Assessments were performed before treatment initiation and after 1 and 2 months of therapy. Statistical analysis was conducted using parametric methods, with differences considered significant at <italic>p</italic> &lt;0.05.</p> <p><bold>RESULTS: </bold>Before treatment initiation, both groups of patients with HIV/tuberculosis coinfection had higher levels of sphingomyelin, lysophospholipids, and phosphatidylcholine compared to healthy individuals (<italic>p</italic>=0.001). In Group 1, receiving only anti-tuberculosis therapy, levels of sphingomyelin, lysophospholipids, and phosphatidylcholine significantly increased (<italic>p</italic>=0.001), with no change in the number of patients exhibiting bacterial shedding. In Group 2, after one month of antiretroviral therapy combined with anti-tuberculosis treatment, levels of sphingomyelin, lysophospholipids, and phosphatidylcholine decreased below those of the control group (<italic>p</italic>=0.001). A significant reduction in patients with bacterial shedding was observed (from 100% to 18%, <italic>p</italic>=0.001).</p> <p><bold>CONCLUSION: </bold>In the group of patients receiving combined antiretroviral and anti-tuberculosis therapy, a reduction in sphingomyelin and lysophospholipid levels was observed, along with a decrease in the number of patients exhibiting bacterial shedding.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Актуальность.</bold> Изменение баланса фракций фосфолипидов является одним из механизмов нарушения липидного обмена при ВИЧ-инфекции.</p> <p><bold>Цель.</bold> Изучить динамику фракций фосфолипидов у больных коинфекцией ВИЧ/туберкулёз на фоне монотерапии туберкулёза и комплексной антиретровирусной и противотуберкулезной терапии.</p> <p><bold>Материал и методы.</bold> Проведено сравнительное исследование фракций фосфолипидов (сфингомиелин, фосфотидилхолин, лизофосфолипиды, фосфотидилэтаноламин) методом хромотографии в двух группах пациентов с ВИЧ-ассоциированным туберкулёзом: 1-я группа (100 пациентов) получала химиотерапию туберкулёза (изониазид, рифампицин, пиразинамид, этамбутол), 2-я группа (100 пациентов) получала антиретровирусную терапию (тенофовир, ламивудин, эфавиренз) на фоне противотуберкулёзной терапии. Контрольную группу составили 50 здоровых лиц. У всех пациентов определяли уровень CD4-лимфоцитов и вирусную нагрузку РНК ВИЧ. Исследования проводили до начала терапии и через 1 и 2 мес лечения. Статистический анализ осуществляли с использованием параметрических методов. Значимыми считали различия при <italic>р</italic> &lt;0,05.</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold> До начала терапии в обеих группах больных ВИЧ/туберкулёзом уровень сфингомиелина, лизофосфолипидов и фосфотидилхолина был выше, чем у здоровых лиц (<italic>p</italic>=0,001). В 1-й группе пациентов, получавших только противотуберкулёзную терапию, уровни сфингомиелина, лизофосфолипидов и фосфотидилхолина значимо нарастали (<italic>p</italic>=0,001). Количество пациентов с бактериовыделением осталось на прежнем уровне. Во 2-й группе пациентов через 1 мес антиретровирусной терапии на фоне противотуберкулёзного лечения установлено уменьшение показателей сфингомиелина, лизофосфолипидов и фосфотидилхолина ниже уровня контрольной группы (<italic>p</italic>=0,001). Наблюдалось значимое сокращение пациентов с бактериовыделением (со 100% человек до 18%, <italic>p</italic>=0,001).</p> <p><bold>Заключение.</bold> В группе пациентов, получавших антиретровирусную и противотуберкулёзную терапию, наблюдалось уменьшения уровня сфингомиелина и лизофосфолипидов и сокращение числа пациентов с бактериовыделением.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>HIV infections</kwd><kwd>tuberculosis</kwd><kwd>phospholipids</kwd><kwd>antiretroviral therapy</kwd><kwd>therapy with antitubercular agents</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ВИЧ-инфекция</kwd><kwd>туберкулёз</kwd><kwd>фосфолипиды</kwd><kwd>антиретровирусная терапия</kwd><kwd>противотуберкулёзная терапия</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Frolova OP, Sharkova TI, Butylchenko OV, et al. Causes of Late Diagnosis of Tuberculosis in HIV Patients. 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