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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Kazan medical journal</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Kazan medical journal</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Казанский медицинский журнал</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0368-4814</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2587-9359</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">646818</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/KMJ646818</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">The role of the NLRP3 inflammasome in the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma: inflammatory mechanisms and emerging therapeutic perspectives</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Роль инфламмасомы NLRP3 в патогенезе бронхиальной астмы: механизмы воспаления и новые перспективы терапии</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1180-228X</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">23471777400</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9102-2336</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Borukaeva</surname><given-names>Irina Kh.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Борукаева</surname><given-names>Ирина Хасанбиевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Assoc. Prof., Head of Depart., Depart. of Normal and Pathological Human Physiology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, доцент, зав. каф., каф. нормальной и патологической физиологии человека</p></bio><email>irborukaeva@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-7009-1452</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Edilov</surname><given-names>Kemran G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Эдилов</surname><given-names>Кемран Германович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>student</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>студент</p></bio><email>Edilov.kemran@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-6028-7813</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Dzueva</surname><given-names>Alina S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дзуева</surname><given-names>Алина Султанхамидовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>student</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>студентка</p></bio><email>dzueva01@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-3793-5819</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Labazanova</surname><given-names>Madina I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лабазанова</surname><given-names>Мадина Ильясовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>student</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>студентка</p></bio><email>labazanova281001@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0001-8031-0206</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gidizov</surname><given-names>Khozh-Akhmed R.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гидизов</surname><given-names>Хож-Ахмед Расулаевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>student</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>студент</p></bio><email>ahmedgidizov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Kabardino-Balkarian State University named after Kh.M. Berbekov</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Кабардино-Балкарский государственный университет им. Х.М. Бербекова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2025-03-24" publication-format="electronic"><day>24</day><month>03</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-04-20" publication-format="electronic"><day>20</day><month>04</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>106</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>287</fpage><lpage>297</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-01-27"><day>27</day><month>01</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-02-14"><day>14</day><month>02</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2028-04-20"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://kazanmedjournal.ru/kazanmedj/article/view/646818">https://kazanmedjournal.ru/kazanmedj/article/view/646818</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This article explores the pathophysiological mechanisms and therapeutic potential for treating bronchial asthma, a significant global public health issue. Immune-mediated inflammation is central to asthma pathogenesis and involves the formation of inflammasomes—molecular complexes that regulate inflammatory responses. The NLRP3 inflammasome plays a pivotal role in disease progression by interacting with allergens and triggering signaling cascades that lead to the production of proinflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-18. These cytokines recruit immune cells, including mast cells, eosinophils, and T lymphocytes, which contribute to airway inflammation, hyperresponsiveness, and bronchial obstruction. The article discusses asthma phenotypes, including infection-induced and atopic asthma, and the link between NLRP3 inflammasome activation and impaired lung function, steroid resistance, and neutrophilic inflammation. Special attention is given to the cellular and molecular pathways involved in the inflammatory response, including interactions between the inflammasome and T helper cells, macrophages, eosinophils, and mast cells. These interactions lead to the release of histamine, heparin, lysosomal enzymes, reactive oxygen species, nitric oxide, prostaglandins, and leukotrienes. Inflammatory mediators such as IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 contribute to airway remodeling, mucus hypersecretion, and bronchospasm. Additionally, inflammasome activation can impair epithelial barrier integrity, further exacerbating allergic inflammation. The article emphasizes the chronic changes in the bronchial tree caused by sustained inflammation and highlights the importance of regulating inflammasome activity. In particular, the selective NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor MCC950 has demonstrated efficacy in reducing inflammation and shows promise as a novel therapeutic approach. The article concludes that integrating inflammasome research into clinical practice (particularly through the use of targeted therapies such as MCC950) may transform the approach to asthma treatment. This underscores the importance of transitioning toward personalized medicine in the management of chronic inflammatory diseases such as bronchial asthma.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Статья посвящена патофизиологическим механизмам и терапевтическому потенциалу в лечении бронхиальной астмы, которая представляет собой глобальную проблему здравоохранения. В основе патогенеза бронхиальной астмы лежит иммунное воспаление с образованием инфламмасом, молекулярных комплексов, регулирующих воспалительные реакции. Инфламмасомы, особенно NLRP3, играют ключевую роль в развитии заболевания, взаимодействуя с аллергенами и инициируя сигнальные каскады, которые приводят к выработке провоспалительных цитокинов, таких как интерлейкин-1β (IL-1β) и IL-18. Эти цитокины привлекают иммунные клетки, включая тучные клетки, эозинофилы и Т-лимфоциты, которые способствуют воспалению дыхательных путей, гиперреактивности и обструкции бронхов. Рассмотрены фенотипы бронхиальной астмы, включая инфекционно-зависимую и атопическую астму, а также связь активации инфламмасомы NLRP3 с нарушениями лёгочной функции, стероидорезистентностью и нейтрофильным воспалением. Особое внимание уделено клеточным и молекулярным механизмам, задействованным в формировании воспалительного процесса, включая взаимодействие инфламмасомы с Т-хелперами, макрофагами, эозинофилами и тучными клетками, приводящее к выделению гистамина, гепарина, лизосомальных ферментов, свободных радикалов кислорода, пероксида азота, простагландинов и лейкотриенов. Медиаторы воспаления, такие как IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, вызывают ремоделирование дыхательных путей, гиперсекрецию слизи и бронхоспазм. Кроме того, активация инфламмасом может привести к нарушению барьерной функции эпителия, что ещё более усиливает аллергическое воспаление. В работе акцентируется внимание на хронических изменениях в бронхиальном дереве, вызванных длительным воспалением. Подчёркивается важность регуляции инфламмасом, включая использование селективного ингибитора инфламмасомы NLRP3 — MCC950, который эффективно снижает воспаление, демонстрируя перспективы лечения бронхиальной астмы. В статье делается вывод о важности интеграции исследований инфламмасом в клиническую практику, предполагая, что таргетная терапия (в виде использования MCC950) может преобразовать подход к лечению астмы. Это подчёркивает важность перехода к персонализированной медицине в лечении хронических воспалительных заболеваний, таких как бронхиальная астма.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>bronchial asthma</kwd><kwd>inflammasome</kwd><kwd>proinflammatory interleukins</kwd><kwd>inflammation</kwd><kwd>NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitors</kwd><kwd>review</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>бронхиальная астма</kwd><kwd>инфламмасома</kwd><kwd>провоспалительные интерлейкины</kwd><kwd>воспалительный процесс</kwd><kwd>ингибиторы инфламмасомы NLRP3</kwd><kwd>обзор</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Asher MI, Rutter CE, Bissell K, et al. Worldwide trends in the burden of asthma symptoms in school-aged children: Global Asthma Network Phase I cross-sectional study. 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