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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Kazan medical journal</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Kazan medical journal</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Казанский медицинский журнал</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0368-4814</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2587-9359</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">646505</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/KMJ646505</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">UXXNJY</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Theoretical and clinical medicine</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Теоретическая и клиническая медицина</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Expression of Immune Checkpointson T-Lymphocytes in Regional Lymph Nodes in Patients With Colorectal Cancer</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Экспрессия иммунных контрольных точек Т-лимфоцитами в регионарных лимфатических узлах у больных колоректальным раком</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title>结直肠癌患者区域淋巴结中t淋巴细胞免疫控制点的表达</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0008-2228-3351</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7136-0110</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kryukova</surname><given-names>Victoria V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Крюкова</surname><given-names>Виктория Викторовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine), Assistant Professor, Depart. of Hospital Surgery with a Course in Pediatric Surgery</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат медицинских наук, доцент, каф. госпитальной хирургии с курсом детской хирургии</p></bio><email>oigen72@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2166-5154</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">55548678900</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">MCJ-0526-2025</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4624-4537</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tsepelev</surname><given-names>Viktor L.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Цепелев</surname><given-names>Виктор Львович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor, Head, Depart. of Hospital Surgery with a Course in Pediatric Surgery</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующий, каф. госпитальной хирургии с курсом детской хирургии</p></bio><email>viktorcepelev@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8601-3499</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5228-8808</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tereshkov</surname><given-names>Pavel P.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Терешков</surname><given-names>Павел Петрович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine), Head, Lab. of Experimental and Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат медицинских наук, заведующий, лаб. экспериментальной и клинической биохимии и иммунологии</p></bio><email>tpp6915@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Chita State Medical Academy</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Читинская государственная медицинская академия</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2025-05-30" publication-format="electronic"><day>30</day><month>05</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-06-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>106</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>341</fpage><lpage>348</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-01-22"><day>22</day><month>01</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-03-11"><day>11</day><month>03</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2025,</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2028-06-15"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://kazanmedjournal.ru/kazanmedj/article/view/646505">https://kazanmedjournal.ru/kazanmedj/article/view/646505</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>BACKGROUND:</bold> Investigation of immune checkpoint expression on T-lymphocytes is essential for determining immunotherapy strategies for colorectal cancer.</p> <p><bold>AIM:</bold> The work aimed to examine the expression of immune checkpoints on T-lymphocytes in regional lymph nodes in patients with colorectal cancer.</p> <p><bold>MATERIAL AND METHODS: </bold>Flow cytometry was used to evaluate the expression levels of immune checkpoints (CTLA-4, PD-1, TIM-3) on T-lymphocytes in regional lymph nodes in 105 patients with stage III colorectal cancer. The control group included 75 patients with nonneoplastic colon diseases. The Mann–Whitney U-test was used to compare two independent groups. ROC analysis was performed to identify diagnostic threshold values. Differences were considered statistically significant at <italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.05.</p> <p><bold>RESULTS: </bold>In the regional lymph nodes of patients with colorectal cancer, CTLA-4 expression increased 7.9-fold on T-helper cells [42.9% (25.1%–59.8%) in the main group vs 5.4% (2.8%–7.8%) in controls; <italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.001], and 4.5-fold on cytotoxic T-lymphocytes [35.0% (16.9%–52.8%) vs 7.8% (3.5%–12.7%); <italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.001]. PD-1 expression increased 1.5-fold on CD4-positive T-lymphocytes [46.9 (33.5; 62.9)% in the main group vs 31.7 (18.9; 42.7)% in controls, <italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.001], and 2.2-fold on cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (<italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.001). TIM-3 expression on cytotoxic T-lymphocytes in regional lymph nodes reached 3.8 (2.3; 6.6)% in patients with colorectal cancer, exceeding the control value of 2.3 (1.5; 4.1)% by 1.7 times (<italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.001). Statistically significant threshold values for CTLA-4 expression in regional lymph nodes were established at ≥ 11.1% for T-helper cells and &gt; 20.1% for cytotoxic T-lymphocytes.</p> <p><bold>CONCLUSION:</bold> In patients with colorectal cancer, the expression of the co-inhibitory receptors CTLA-4 and PD-1 is increased on both T-helper cells and cytotoxic T-lymphocytes in regional lymph nodes, whereas TIM-3 expression is elevated on CD8+ T-lymphocytes.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Актуальность.</bold> Изучение экспрессии иммунных контрольных точек T-лимфоцитами необходимо для определения стратегии иммунотерапии колоректального рака.</p> <p><bold>Цель.</bold> Изучить экспрессию иммунных контрольных точек Т-лимфоцитами в регионарных лимфатических узлах у больных колоректальным раком.</p> <p><bold>Материал и методы.</bold> Методом проточной цитометрии исследован уровень экспрессии иммунных контрольных точек (CTLA-4, PD-1, TIM-3) Т-лимфоцитами в регионарных лимфатических узлах у 105 больных колоректальным раком III стадии. Контрольную группу составили 75 пациентов с неопухолевыми заболеваниями толстой кишки. Для сравнения двух независимых групп применяли критерий Манна–Уитни. Оценку порога диагностической значимости показателей проводили с помощью ROC-анализа. Статистически значимыми считали различия при <italic>р</italic> &lt;0,05.</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold> У больных колоректальным раком в регионарных лимфатических узлах увеличивалась экспрессия CTLA-4 Т-хелперами в 7,9 раза [42,9 (25,1; 59,8) % — в основной группе и 5,4 (2,8; 7,8) % — в контрольной, <italic>p</italic> &lt;0,001] и цитотоксическими Т-лимфоцитами — в 4,5 раза [35,0 (16,9; 52,8) % у больных колоректальным раком и 7,8 (3,5; 12,7) % в контроле, <italic>p</italic> &lt;0,001]. Зарегистрировано увеличение экспрессии PD-1 CD4-позитивными Т-лимфоцитами в регионарных лимфатических узлах при колоректальном раке в 1,5 раза [46,9 (33,5; 62,9) % у больных раком толстой кишки и 31,7 (18,9; 42,7) % — в контрольной группе, <italic>p</italic> &lt;0,001] и на поверхности цитотоксических Т-лимфоцитов — в 2,2 раза (<italic>p</italic> &lt;0,001). Экспрессия молекулы TIM-3 цитотоксическими Т-лимфоцитами в регионарных лимфатических узлах составила 3,8 (2,3; 6,6) % у больных колоректальным раком, что превышает данный показатель группы контроля, равный 2,3 (1,5; 4,1) %, в 1,7 раза (<italic>p</italic> &lt;0,001). Установлен статистически значимый порог превышения уровня экспрессии белка CTLA-4 на поверхности Т-хелперов регионарных лимфатических узлов — 11,1% и более, а на цитотоксических Т-лимфоцитах — более 20,1%.</p> <p><bold>Заключение.</bold> У больных колоректальным раком в регионарных лимфатических узлах увеличивается экспрессия ко-ингибирующего белка CTLA-4 и PD-1 на поверхности как Т-хелперов, так и цитотоксических Т-лимфоцитов, а также молекулы TIM-3 — на CD8<sup>+</sup>-лимфоцитах.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"><p><bold>研究背景：</bold>对t-淋巴细胞表达免疫检查点的研究对于确定结肠直肠癌免疫治疗的策略是必要的。</p> <p><bold>目的：</bold>研究结直肠癌患者区域淋巴结中T淋巴细胞对免疫控制点的表达。</p> <p><bold>研究对象与方法：</bold>通过流式细胞术研究了105例III期结直肠癌患者t-淋巴细胞在区域淋巴结中的免疫控制点（CTLA-4、PD-1、TIM-3）的表达水平。对照组由75名患有结肠非癌性疾病的患者组成。使用曼-惠特尼检验比较两个独立的组。使用ROC分析评估指标的诊断意义阈值。<italic>р</italic> &lt;0.05处的差异被认为具有统计学意义。</p> <p><bold>结果：</bold>在结直肠癌患者中，区域淋巴结中的CTLA-4表达增加了7.9倍[主要组中的42.9（25.1；59.8）％和对照组中的5.4（2.8；7.8）％，<italic>p</italic> &lt;0.001]和细胞毒性T淋巴细胞中的4.5倍[<italic>p</italic> &lt;0.001]。 结直肠癌区域淋巴结中CD4阳性T淋巴细胞对PD-1的表达增加1.5倍[结肠癌患者46.9（33.5；62.9）％和31.7（18.9； 42.7）％—在对照组中，<italic>p</italic> &lt;0.001]和细胞毒性T-淋巴细胞表面—2.2倍（<italic>p</italic> &lt;0.001）。 在结直肠癌患者中，细胞毒性T淋巴细胞对TIM-3分子的表达为3.8（2.3；6.6）％，超过对照组的该指标，等于2.3（1.5；4.1）％，增加1.7倍（<italic>p</italic> &lt;0.001）。 超过区域淋巴结的T辅助细胞表面CTLA-4蛋白表达水平的统计学显着阈值为11.1％或更多，并且在细胞毒性T淋巴细胞上-超过20.1％。</p> <p><bold>结论：</bold>在结直肠癌患者中，CTLA-4和PD-1共抑制蛋白在区域淋巴结中的表达在T辅助和细胞毒性T淋巴细胞以及CD8+淋巴细胞上的TIM-3分子的表面上增加。</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>colorectal cancer</kwd><kwd>lymph nodes</kwd><kwd>T-lymphocytes</kwd><kwd>immune checkpoints</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>колоректальный рак</kwd><kwd>лимфатический узел</kwd><kwd>Т-лимфоциты</kwd><kwd>иммунные контрольные точки</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="zh"><kwd>结直肠癌</kwd><kwd>淋巴结</kwd><kwd>T淋巴细胞</kwd><kwd>免疫检查点</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Arasa J, Collado-Diaz V, Halin C. 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