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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Kazan medical journal</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Kazan medical journal</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Казанский медицинский журнал</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0368-4814</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2587-9359</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">646295</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/KMJ646295</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">FDZRQP</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Use of ultraviolet cross-linking for the treatment of thin corneas in keratoconus</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Применение ультрафиолетового кросслинкинга для лечения тонких роговиц при кератоконусе</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title>紫外线交联治疗圆锥角膜薄角膜的用途</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9476-8883</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4951-4615</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bikbov</surname><given-names>Mukharram M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бикбов</surname><given-names>Мухаррам Мухтарамович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor, Director, Ufa Scientific Research Institute of Eye Diseases</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор, директор, Уфимский научно-исследовательский институт глазных болезней</p></bio><email>niipriem@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7470-7330</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7507-4450</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Khalimov</surname><given-names>Azat R.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Халимов</surname><given-names>Азат Рашидович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Biology), Head, scientific and innovative depart., Ufa Scientific Research Institute of Eye Diseases</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р биол. наук, заведующий, научно-инновационный отдел, Уфимский научно-исследовательский институт глазных болезней</p></bio><email>azrakhal@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6700-0812</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6146-0472</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Babushkin</surname><given-names>Alexander E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бабушкин</surname><given-names>Александр Эдуардович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Head, depart. of research and development organization, Ufa Scientific Research Institute of Eye Diseases</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, заведующий, отдел организации научных исследований и разработок, Уфимский научно-исследовательский институт глазных болезней</p></bio><email>virologicdep@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1008-1516</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5265-2311</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Usubov</surname><given-names>Emin L.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Усубов</surname><given-names>Эмин Логман оглы</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine), Head, depart. of corneal and lens surgery, Ufa Scientific Research Institute of Eye Diseases</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, заведующий, отдел хирургии роговицы и хрусталика, Уфимский научно-исследовательский институт глазных болезней</p></bio><email>emines.us@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Bashkir State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Башкирский государственный медицинский университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2025-10-27" publication-format="electronic"><day>27</day><month>10</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-12-05" publication-format="electronic"><day>05</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>106</volume><issue>6</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>947</fpage><lpage>955</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-01-20"><day>20</day><month>01</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-03-11"><day>11</day><month>03</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2025,</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2028-12-05"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://kazanmedjournal.ru/kazanmedj/article/view/646295">https://kazanmedjournal.ru/kazanmedj/article/view/646295</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Ultraviolet cross-linking of corneal collagen is an innovative technique designed to increase corneal strength in keratoconus by creating additional cross-links within the macromolecules of the extracellular matrix. The method is based on exposing the cornea to ultraviolet A radiation (370 nm) after saturation of the stroma with a photosensitizer (riboflavin). In the standard (Dresden) protocol—the conventional method of ultraviolet cross-linking—the minimum thickness of the de-epithelialized cornea must be at least 400 μm to prevent potential endothelial cell damage from a cytotoxic dose of ultraviolet radiation. However, in some patients with keratoconus, corneal thickness falls below this threshold, which limits the applicability of the standard clinical protocol. As a result, modified cross-linking techniques have been proposed for patients with thin corneas. This review presents various approaches developed to address this issue. In general, the safety and efficacy of modified techniques, including transepithelial, accelerated, intraoperative hypoosmotic swelling ones, or techniques involving contact lenses or donor corneal lens, have shown satisfactory outcomes: in most cases, corneal ectasia progression can be halted without serious postoperative complications. Nevertheless, each technique has its own advantages and limitations. The choice of technique depends on the resources of the clinic, the individual characteristics of the patient’s cornea, and the surgeon’s expertise. It should be noted that in practice modified cross-linking protocols for thin corneas are used much less frequently than the standard procedure, underscoring the need for further research to evaluate their clinical efficacy and safety.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Ультрафиолетовый кросслинкинг роговичного коллагена — оригинальная технология, направленная на повышение прочности роговицы при кератоконусе за счёт создания дополнительных перекрёстных связей в макромолекулах внеклеточного матрикса. Метод основан на облучении роговицы ультрафиолетом диапазона А (370 нм) после насыщения стромы фотосенсибилизатором (рибофлавином). В стандартном (Дрезденском) протоколе — традиционной методике ультрафиолетового кросслинкинга — минимальная толщина деэпителизированной роговицы должна составлять не менее 400 мкм, чтобы избежать потенциального повреждения эндотелиальных клеток цитотоксичной дозой ультрафиолетового излучения. Однако у ряда пациентов с кератоконусом толщина роговой оболочки меньше указанного порогового значения, что ограничивает применение традиционного клинического протокола. В связи с этим были предложены модифицированные методики кросслинкинга для лечения пациентов с тонкой роговицей. В обзоре представлены различные подходы, используемые для достижения этой цели. Как правило, безопасность и эффективность модифицированных методик, в частности трансэпителиального, акселерированного, с формированием интраоперационного гипоосмотического отёка или с применением контактной линзы либо биолинзы из донорской роговицы, демонстрируют удовлетворительные результаты: в большинстве случаев удаётся остановить прогрессирование кератэктазии без серьёзных послеоперационных осложнений. Тем не менее каждый метод имеет свои преимущества и ограничения. Выбор конкретной методики зависит от возможностей клиники, индивидуальных особенностей роговицы пациента и квалификации хирурга. Следует отметить, что на практике различные методики ультрафиолетового кросслинкинга тонких роговиц применяются значительно реже, чем стандартная процедура, что обусловливает необходимость дальнейших исследований по оценке их клинической эффективности и безопасности.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"><p>紫外线角膜胶原交联是 一 种原始技术，旨在通过在细胞外基质的大分子中创建额外的交联来增加圆锥角膜中角膜的强度。该方法基于用光敏剂（核黄素）饱和基质后用紫外线A（370nm）光照射角膜。在标准（德累斯顿）方案中，紫外线交联的传统方法中，去上皮化角膜的最小厚度应至少为400微米，以避免由细胞毒性剂量的紫外线辐射对内皮细胞的潜在损害。然而，在若干圆锥角膜患者中，角膜的厚度小于规定的阈值，这限制了传统临床方案的使用。在这方面，已经提出了用于治疗具有薄角膜的患者的改性交联技术。审查提出了用于实现这一目标的各种方法。作为一项规则，安全性和有效性的修改技术，特别是经上皮，加速，与形成术中低渗水肿或使用隐形眼镜或生物透镜从供体角膜，显示令人满意的结果：在 然而，每种方法都有其优点和局限性。特定技术的选择取决于诊所的能力，患者角膜的个体特征和外科医生的资格。应该注意的是，在实践中，紫外线薄角膜交联的各种方法的使用频率远低于标准程序，这需要进一步研究以评估其临床功效和安全性。</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>corneal ectasia</kwd><kwd>keratoconus</kwd><kwd>thin cornea</kwd><kwd>corneal ultraviolet cross-linking</kwd><kwd>modified cross-linking protocols</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>кератоэктазии</kwd><kwd>кератоконус</kwd><kwd>тонкая роговица</kwd><kwd>ультрафиолетовый кросслинкинг роговицы</kwd><kwd>модифицированные протоколы кросслинкинга</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="zh"><kwd>角膜变性</kwd><kwd>圆锥角膜</kwd><kwd>薄角膜</kwd><kwd>紫外线角膜交联</kwd><kwd>改性交联协议</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Министерство науки и высшего образования РФ</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>124122500062-9</award-id></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Bikbov MM, Bikbova GM. 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