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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Kazan medical journal</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Kazan medical journal</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Казанский медицинский журнал</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0368-4814</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2587-9359</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">643366</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/KMJ643366</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Molecular mechanisms of berberine action on tumor cells</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Молекулярные механизмы влияния берберина на опухолевые клетки</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5945-5961</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">57243356500</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">L-8536-2016</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5362-1915</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Timofeeva</surname><given-names>Sofia V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тимофеева</surname><given-names>Софья Владимировна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Res. Assoc., Cellular Technology Lab.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>науч. сотрудник, лаб. клеточных технологий</p></bio><email>timofeeva.sophia@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1410-122X</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4137-7410</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zlatnik</surname><given-names>Elena Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Златник</surname><given-names>Елена Юрьевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), prof., chief res. assoc., Tumor Immunophenotyping Lab.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, проф., глав. науч. сотрудник, лаб. иммунофенотипирования опухолей</p></bio><email>elena-zlatnik@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1610-0826</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5573-4396</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Vaschenko</surname><given-names>Larisa N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ващенко</surname><given-names>Лариса Николаевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), prof., head of Depart. of tumors of bones, skin, soft tissues and mammary gland</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, проф., зав. отделением опухолей костей, кожи, мягких тканей и молочной железы</p></bio><email>onko-sekretar@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4572-1579</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7683-2286</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Enin</surname><given-names>Yaroslav S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Енин</surname><given-names>Ярослав Сергеевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>junior res. assoc., molecular oncology lab.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>младший научный сотрудник, лаборатория молекулярной онкологии</p></bio><email>dendro51@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0521-8837</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8930-9580</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Nepomnyashchaya</surname><given-names>Evgeniya M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Непомнящая</surname><given-names>Евгения Марковна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), prof., pathologist, pathological anatomy Depart.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, проф., врач-патологоанатом, патологоанатомическое отделение</p></bio><email>iftrnioi@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">National Medical Research Centre of Oncology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2025-03-24" publication-format="electronic"><day>24</day><month>03</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-04-20" publication-format="electronic"><day>20</day><month>04</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>106</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>267</fpage><lpage>276</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-12-24"><day>24</day><month>12</month><year>2024</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-02-13"><day>13</day><month>02</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2028-04-20"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://kazanmedjournal.ru/kazanmedj/article/view/643366">https://kazanmedjournal.ru/kazanmedj/article/view/643366</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Malignant tumors remain one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide, highlighting the urgent need to develop novel and effective therapeutic strategies. In recent years, the scientific community has actively pursued agents that combine high efficacy with minimal adverse effects and offer the potential to induce complete remission. In this context, berberine is a natural phytochemical derived from various Berberis species. It has garnered considerable interest due to its diverse pharmacological properties. Berberine, known as a nutraceutical, exhibits a broad spectrum of biological activity, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antitumor effects. <italic>In</italic><italic> </italic><italic>vitro</italic> and <italic>in</italic><italic> </italic><italic>vivo</italic> studies have shown that berberine exerts inhibitory activity against several cancer types, including breast, lung, liver, and colorectal cancers. Its antitumor properties are associated with several key molecular mechanisms through which it exerts effects on tumor cells. This review provides a detailed overview of the molecular pathways through which the antitumor effects of berberine are mediated. In particular, berberine activates the caspase cascade, leading to the induction of apoptosis in tumor cells, and inhibits cell proliferation by blocking key signaling pathways such as PI3K/Akt/mTOR. It also modulates the expression of genes involved in cell migration and invasion, including matrix metalloproteinases and E-cadherin, highlighting its potential as a promising therapeutic candidate. Additionally, berberine’s anti-inflammatory effects may contribute to cancer prevention by protecting cells from oxidative stress and chronic inflammation associated with tumor development. These pharmacological properties make berberine a promising agent for further investigation and clinical application, both as monotherapy and in combination with standard anticancer therapies. Thus, berberine represents a promising subject for further investigation of its molecular mechanisms of action and potential use in oncology, which may lead to the development of more effective and safer therapeutic strategies for patients with malignant tumors.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Злокачественные опухоли остаются одной из основных причин смертности во всём мире, что подчёркивает необходимость разработки новых и эффективных терапевтических стратегий для их лечения. В последние годы научное сообщество активно занимается поиском лекарственных средств с минимальными нежелательными явлениями и высокой эффективностью, которые могут привести к полной ремиссии у пациентов. В этом контексте берберин, природный фитохимический компонент, получаемый из различных видов барбариса, привлекает всё большее внимание благодаря своим многообразным фармакологическим свойствам. Берберин, известный как нутрицевтик, демонстрирует широкий спектр биологической активности, включая противовоспалительные, антиоксидантные и противоопухолевые эффекты. Исследования <italic>in</italic><italic> </italic><italic>vitro</italic> и <italic>in</italic><italic> </italic><italic>vivo</italic> показали, что берберин обладает ингибирующим действием на несколько типов рака, включая рак молочной железы, лёгких, печени и кишечника. Его противоопухолевые свойства связаны с несколькими ключевыми молекулярными механизмами, через которые он воздействует на опухолевые клетки. В данном обзоре мы подробно рассмотрели различные молекулярные пути, через регуляцию которых опосредованы противоопухолевые эффекты берберина. В частности, берберин активирует каспазный каскад, что приводит к индукции апоптоза в опухолевых клетках, а также ингибирует пролиферацию клеток, блокируя ключевые сигнальные пути, такие как PI3K/Akt/mTOR. Кроме того, берберин модулирует экспрессию генов, связанных с клеточной миграцией и инвазией, включая матриксные металлопротеиназы и E-cadherin, что делает его многообещающим кандидатом для разработки новых терапевтических подходов. Также стоит отметить, что берберин обладает противовоспалительными свойствами, что может способствовать предотвращению канцерогенеза, защищая клетки от окислительного стресса и воспалительных процессов, связанных с развитием рака. Эти свойства делают берберин перспективным средством для дальнейших исследований и клинического применения как в качестве монотерапии, так и в комбинации с другими противоопухолевыми препаратами. Таким образом, берберин представляет собой интересный объект для дальнейшего изучения его молекулярных механизмов действия и потенциала использования в онкологии, что может привести к созданию более эффективных и безопасных терапевтических стратегий для пациентов со злокачественными опухолями.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>oncology</kwd><kwd>berberine</kwd><kwd>alkaloids</kwd><kwd>plant metabolites</kwd><kwd>autophagy</kwd><kwd>apoptosis</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>онкология</kwd><kwd>берберин</kwd><kwd>алкалоиды</kwd><kwd>растительные метаболиты</kwd><kwd>аутофагия</kwd><kwd>апоптоз</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Правительство РФ, госзадание</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Government of the Russian Federation, state assignment</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>124022100044-2</award-id></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Siegel RL, Giaquinto AN, Jemal A. 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