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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Kazan medical journal</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Kazan medical journal</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Казанский медицинский журнал</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0368-4814</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2587-9359</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">642035</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/KMJ642035</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">IFUDSJ</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">The influence of trimethylamine-n-oxide on the risk of cardiovascular disease progression</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Влияние триметиламин-N-оксида на риск прогрессирования сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title>氧化三甲胺对心血管疾病进展风险的影响</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2160-7720</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1146-7585</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Khayrullin</surname><given-names>Rustem N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хайруллин</surname><given-names>Рустем Наилевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Academician of the Tatarstan Academy of Sciences, Honored Doctor of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Tatarstan, General Director</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, действительный член Академии наук Республики Татарстан, заслуженный врач Российской Федерации и Республики Татарстан, генеральный директор</p></bio><email>dr.kharu@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Rakhimova</surname><given-names>Regina M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рахимова</surname><given-names>Регина Маратовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Doctor of clinical laboratory diagnostics</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач клинической лабораторной диагностики</p></bio><email>mist-666@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2466-6440</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8634-1316</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Khusainov</surname><given-names>Irek Kh.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хусаинов</surname><given-names>Ирек Хайдарович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Head, bacteriology laboratory, executive director, Regional Medical Research Institute</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>заведующий, бактериологическая лаборатория, исполнительный директор, Региональный медицинский исследовательский институт</p></bio><email>i@khusainovirek.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Interregional Clinical Diagnostic Center</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Межрегиональный клинико-диагностический центр</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2026-05-27" publication-format="electronic"><day>27</day><month>05</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-06-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>06</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>107</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>441</fpage><lpage>449</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-12-05"><day>05</day><month>12</month><year>2024</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-09-10"><day>10</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2026,</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2029-06-15"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://kazanmedjournal.ru/kazanmedj/article/view/642035">https://kazanmedjournal.ru/kazanmedj/article/view/642035</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Modern dietary trends, marked by high consumption of animal products, drive the search for metabolic predictors of adverse course of cardiovascular pathology. Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), a metabolite derived from dietary precursors, is associated with mortality risk. However, a systemic understanding of the specific mechanisms by which TMAO promotes the progression of existing diseases warrants detailed investigation, including the strategies to regulate it.</p> <p>This review examines the biochemical transformation pathway of TMAO, analyzes its role as a predictor of vascular endothelial dysfunction, and explores potential ways to control its blood concentration. Based on an analysis of studies published over the last five years, a clear link exists between plasma TMAO levels and the risk of cardiovascular disease. A tendency towards high TMAO levels is observed in people consuming animal products. The increase from the excessive synthesis of its precursor, trimethylamine, which is synthesized from dietary precursors. High TMAO concentrations exert pro-inflammatory effects, stimulate atherogenesis, and serve as a significant factor in vascular endothelial dysfunction. The cumulative effect of these pathological processes directly increases the risk of complications in patients with cardiac pathologies. Dietary restriction of animal products is a potential strategy to correct plasma TMAO levels. However, dietary modification alone cannot be regarded as the sole factor for reducing TMAO, as the functioning of the gut microbiota, which directly influences the formation of the TMAO precursor trimethylamine, is equally important.</p> <p>This work provides a comprehensive understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms by which TMAO affects the vascular wall and explains why dietary correction cannot be considered as the only method of prevention must be integrated with the management of gut microbiocenosis to effectively prevent disease.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Современные тенденции питания, характеризующиеся высоким потреблением продуктов животного происхождения, актуализируют поиск метаболических предикторов неблагоприятного течения сердечно-сосудистой патологии. Известно, что триметиламин-N-оксид (ТМАО) образуется из пищевых предшественников и ассоциирован с риском смертности, однако системное понимание того, посредством каких именно механизмов этот метаболит инициирует прогрессирование уже имеющихся заболеваний, а также каковы комплексные стратегии его регуляции, требует детального анализа.</p> <p>В статье изучен путь биохимических превращений ТМАО, проанализирована его роль как потенциально возможного предиктора развития эндотелиальной дисфункции сосудов, рассмотрены потенциально возможные пути контроля и регуляции его концентрации в крови. На основе анализа научных публикаций за последние 5 лет прослеживается связь между уровнем концентрации ТМАО в плазме и риском развития сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний. Наблюдается тенденция к высокому уровню ТМАО у людей, употребляющих в пищу продукты животного происхождения, что обусловлено избытком синтеза триметиламина, предшественника ТМАО, который и синтезируется из пищевых предшественников. Установлено, что высокие концентрации ТМАО оказывают провоспалительные эффекты, стимулируют атерогенез и являются значимым фактором развития эндотелиальной дисфункции сосудов. Выявлено, что кумулятивное действие этих патологических процессов напрямую ведёт к росту рисков развития осложнений у кардиологических пациентов. Потенциально возможным способом корректировки его концентрации в плазме выступает диета с ограничением продуктов животного происхождения. В то же время корректировку рациона нельзя расценивать как единственный фактор уменьшения концентрации ТМАО, поскольку также важно функционирование нормальной микробиоты кишечника, от которой зависит формирование предшественника ТМАО — триметиламина.</p> <p>Данная статья поможет сформировать целостное представление о патофизиологических механизмах ТМАО воздействия на сосудистую стенку, а также даст понимание того, почему коррекция диеты не может рассматриваться как единственный метод профилактики без учёта состояния микробиоценоза кишечника.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"><p>当代饮食结构的演变，特别是动物性食物摄入量的增加，促使学界致力于寻找心血管疾病预后不良的代谢标志物。氧化三甲胺（TMAO）是由饮食前体物质转化而来的代谢产物，已被证实与心血管疾病的死亡风险密切相关。然而，关于该代谢产物诱导心血管疾病进展的确切机制，以及针对其综合调控的策略，目前仍需更深入的系统性研究与分析。</p> <p>本文旨在探究 TMAO 的生物化学转化路径，分析其作为血管内皮功能障碍潜在预测指标的临床价值，并探讨调节其血药浓度的有效策略。基于近五年的文献综述，研究揭示了血浆 TMAO 水平与心血管疾病风险之间的紧密关联。研究指出，动物性食物摄入量过高会导致三甲胺（TMAO 的前体）合成过剩，从而诱导高水平 TMAO 的产生。研究证实，高浓度 TMAO 不仅具有显著的促炎效应，更能加速动脉粥样硬化进程，是导致血管内皮功能障碍的关键因素。这些病理过程的累积效应直接加剧了心脏病患者的并发症风险。关于 TMAO 的调控，虽然限制动物性食物摄入是降低其血浆浓度的重要手段，但仅凭饮食干预往往不足以实现有效控制，肠道菌群的稳态调节同样至关重要，因为 TMAO 前体——三甲胺的形成在很大程度上依赖于肠道微生物的代谢活动。</p> <p>本文通过阐述 TMAO 对血管壁影响的病理生理机制，强调了从机制层面优化预防策略的必要性，为未来将肠道菌群评估与饮食干预相结合的综合管理方案提供了科学依据。</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>trimethylamine-N-oxide</kwd><kwd>trimethylamine</kwd><kwd>heart failure</kwd><kwd>acute coronary syndrome</kwd><kwd>atherosclerosis</kwd><kwd>review</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>триметиламин-N-оксид</kwd><kwd>триметиламин</kwd><kwd>сердечная недостаточность</kwd><kwd>острый коронарный синдромом</kwd><kwd>атеросклероз</kwd><kwd>обзор</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="zh"><kwd>氧化三甲胺</kwd><kwd>三甲胺</kwd><kwd>心力衰竭</kwd><kwd>急性冠脉综合征</kwd><kwd>动脉粥样硬化</kwd><kwd>综述</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Cho CE, Taesuwan S, Malysheva OV, et al. 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