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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Kazan medical journal</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Kazan medical journal</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Казанский медицинский журнал</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0368-4814</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2587-9359</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">642023</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/KMJ642023</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">JYCAIE</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Social hygiene and healthcare management</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Социальная гигиена и организация здравоохранения</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Health trends among preschool and school-age children in Kazan between 2018 and 2022: a population-based cross-sectional study</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Динамика здоровья детей дошкольного и школьного возраста в г. Казани за 2018–2022 гг.: популяционное одномоментное исследование</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title>2018-2022年喀山学龄前儿童和学龄儿童健康动态：基于人口的单阶段研究</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9687-4583</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4279-6640</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Solovieva</surname><given-names>Nailya A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Соловьёва</surname><given-names>Наиля Анасовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine), Assistant Professor, Depart. of Hospital Pediatrics</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, доцент, каф. госпитальной педиатрии</p></bio><email>Nailya-soloveva@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4147-2309</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6342-0429</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Volgina</surname><given-names>Svetlana Y.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Волгина</surname><given-names>Светлана Яковлевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor, Depart. of Hospital Pediatrics</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор, каф. госпитальной педиатрии</p></bio><email>volgina_svetlana@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1741-2629</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3024-7130</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kulakova</surname><given-names>Galina A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кулакова</surname><given-names>Галина Александровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine), Assistant Professor, Depart. of Hospital Pediatrics</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, доцент, каф. госпитальной педиатрии</p></bio><email>galinkul@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0873-8037</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6198-5462</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kurmaeva</surname><given-names>Elena A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Курмаева</surname><given-names>Елена Анатольевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine), Assistant Professor, Depart. of Hospital Pediatrics</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, доцент, каф. госпитальной педиатрии</p></bio><email>kurmaelena@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0002-0512-7951</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3301-3017</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Matveev</surname><given-names>Egor V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Матвеев</surname><given-names>Егор Владимирович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>6th year student, Faculty of Pediatrics</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>студент VI курса, педиатрический факультет</p></bio><email>matveev-reg@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Kazan State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="kk"></institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="pt"></institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Казанский государственный медицинский университет</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh"></institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Kazan State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Казанский государственный медицинский университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2025-09-26" publication-format="electronic"><day>26</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-10-05" publication-format="electronic"><day>05</day><month>10</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>106</volume><issue>5</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>840</fpage><lpage>849</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-11-18"><day>18</day><month>11</month><year>2024</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-05-29"><day>29</day><month>05</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2025,</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2028-10-05"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://kazanmedjournal.ru/kazanmedj/article/view/642023">https://kazanmedjournal.ru/kazanmedj/article/view/642023</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>BACKGROUND:</bold> The preservation and promotion of children’s health remain pivotal aspects of the Russian healthcare.</p> <p><bold>AIM:</bold> The study aimed to identify prevalent health patterns among preschool and school-age children in the Novo-Savinovsky district of Kazan between 2018 and 2022.</p> <p><bold>METHODS:</bold> The analysis included screening reports from 32 preschool education and care facilities and 20 schools in the Novo-Savinovsky district of Kazan. The reports were provided by medical professionals from the regional child health center and detailed laboratory tests and clinical investigations covering the years 2018 through 2022. In 2018 and 2022, the number of preschool-age children (3–7 years old) examined was 7257 and 6362, respectively. The health status of grade 1–11 students was assessed by analyzing medical statistical data collected between 2018 and 2022. A total of 14,917 and 18,141 schoolchildren were examined in 2018 and 2022, respectively. The population included adolescents aged 15–17 years (2775 and 3841, respectively). A comprehensive health assessment included the distribution of health groups and allocation to special medical groups, physical development, and primary and overall incidence (per 1000 age-matched children). The statistical analysis was performed using StatTech software, with the Mann–Whitney U test used for quantitative variables and the χ2 test used for qualitative variables, with a significance level of p = 0.05.</p> <p><bold>RESULTS</bold>: The study period showed a decrease in the proportion of healthy children (<italic>p</italic> = 0.04) and an increase in the number of preschool children with structural and functional impairments (<italic>p</italic> = 0.001). The overall incidence demonstrated a 24.3% increase. The most significant increase was observed for respiratory, musculoskeletal, visual, gastrointestinal, and neurological, genitourinary, psychiatric, and behavioral disorders (<italic>p</italic> = 0.001). Schoolchildren demonstrated a decrease in the proportion of healthy individuals and an increase in the number of children with structural and functional impairments (<italic>p</italic> = 0.001). The overall incidence decreased by 24.7% (<italic>p</italic> = 0.001), yet the prevalence of psychiatric disorders (<italic>p</italic> = 0.03), congenital anomalies, deformities, and chromosomal abnormalities increased (<italic>p</italic> = 0.0011). The study found a significant increase in school-related diseases throughout the years of school (<italic>p</italic> = 0.001).</p> <p><bold>CONCLUSION:</bold> Between 2018 and 2022, a decline in the overall health of preschool and school-age children in the Novo-Savinovsky district of Kazan was observed, as indicated by a decrease in the proportion of healthy children, an increase in the incidence of structural and functional impairments, and a higher prevalence of school-related diseases.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование. </bold>Сохранение и укрепление здоровья детского населения остаются актуальной задачей здравоохранения России.</p> <p><bold>Цель исследования.</bold> Выявить закономерности формирования здоровья детей дошкольного и школьного возраста в Ново-Савиновском районе г. Казани в 2018–2022 гг.</p> <p><bold>Методы. </bold>Проанализированы данные профилактических осмотров детей из 32 дошкольных образовательных учреждений и 20 школ Ново-Савиновского района г. Казани по результатам работы врачей-педиатров и специалистов территориальной детской поликлиники, а также лабораторных и инструментальных исследований. Использованы отчёты о лечебно-профилактической работе за 2018 и 2022 гг. В 2018 году обследованы 7257 детей дошкольного возраста (3–7 лет), в 2022 году — 6362. Состояние здоровья учащихся 1–11-х классов изучено по показателям медицинской статистики за 2018 и 2022 годы. Среди школьников обследовано 14 917 детей в 2018 году и 18 141 — в 2022 году, включая подростков 15–17 лет (2775 и 3841 соответственно). Проведена комплексная оценка здоровья: распределение по группам здоровья и медицинским группам по физической культуре, показатели физического развития, первичная и общая заболеваемость (на 1000 детей соответствующего возраста). Статистическую обработку выполняли в пакете StatTech: для количественных признаков применяли критерий Манна–Уитни, для качественных — χ2; уровень значимости p=0,05.</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold> За исследуемый период выявлено снижение доли здоровых детей (<italic>p</italic>=0,04) и рост числа с морфофункциональными отклонениями (<italic>p</italic>=0,001) в дошкольном возрасте. Общая заболеваемость увеличилась на 24,3%. Наиболее выраженный рост зафиксирован по болезням органов дыхания, костно-мышечной системы, органов зрения, пищеварительной и нервной систем, мочеполовой системы, а также психическим расстройствам и нарушениям поведения (<italic>p</italic>=0,001). У школьников обнаружено снижение доли здоровых и рост числа детей с морфофункциональными отклонениями (<italic>p</italic>=0,001). Общая заболеваемость снизилась на 24,7% (<italic>p</italic>=0,001), однако увеличилась распространённость психических расстройств (<italic>p</italic>=0,03), врождённых аномалий, деформаций и хромосомных нарушений (<italic>p</italic>=0,001). Зафиксирован рост школьно обусловленных заболеваний на протяжении периода обучения (<italic>p</italic>=0,001).</p> <p><bold>Заключение.</bold> В 2018–2022 гг. в дошкольных и школьных образовательных учреждениях Ново-Савиновского района г. Казани установлено ухудшение состояния здоровья детей, выражающееся в снижении доли здоровых, росте морфофункциональных отклонений и увеличении распространённости школьно обусловленных заболеваний.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"><p><bold>论证：</bold>保持和加强儿童人口的健康仍然是俄罗斯医疗保健的紧迫任务。</p> <p><bold>目的：</bold>确定2018-2022年喀山诺沃至萨维诺夫斯基区学龄前儿童和学龄儿童健康形成的模式。</p> <p><bold>方法：</bold>根据领土儿童综合诊所儿科医生和专家的工作结果以及实验室和仪器研究，分析了喀山诺沃至萨维诺夫斯基区32所学前教育机构和20所学校的儿童预防性检查数据。使用了2018年和2022年的医疗和预防工作报告。在2018中，检查了7,257学龄前儿童（3-7岁），在2022中—6,362。根据2018年和2022年的医学统计数据研究了1-11年级学生的健康状况。在学童中，2018年检查了14,917名儿童，2022年检查了18,141名儿童，其中包括15-17岁的青少年（分别为2,775名和3,841名）。对健康进行了全面评估：按身体文化、身体发育指标、初级和一般发病率（每1 000名适当年龄的儿童）按卫生团体和医疗团体的分布情况。在StatTech包中进行统计处理：曼-惠特尼标准用于定量特征，χ<sup>2</sup>用于定性特征;显着性水平<italic>p</italic>=0.05。</p> <p><bold>结果：</bold>在研究期间，发现学龄前健康儿童比例下降（<italic>p</italic>=0.04）和形态功能异常数量增加（<italic>p</italic>=0.001）。总体发病率增加了24.3％。最明显的增加记录在呼吸系统，肌肉骨骼系统，视觉器官，消化系统和神经系统，泌尿生殖系统以及精神障碍和行为障碍的疾病中（<italic>p</italic>=0.001）。学童显示健康儿童比例下降，形态功能异常儿童数量增加（<italic>p</italic>=0.001）。总体发病率下降了24.7％（<italic>p</italic>=0.001），但精神疾病（<italic>p</italic>=0.03），先天性异常，畸形和染色体异常的患病率增加（<italic>p</italic>=0.001）。在研究期间记录到与学校相关的疾病增加（p=0.001）。</p> <p><bold>结论：</bold>在2018-2022中，喀山诺沃至萨维诺夫斯基区的学前和学校教育机构的儿童健康状况恶化，导致健康儿童比例下降，形态功能异常增加，学校相关疾病患病率增加。</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>health</kwd><kwd>incidence</kwd><kwd>children and adolescents</kwd><kwd>education and care facilities</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>здоровье</kwd><kwd>заболеваемость</kwd><kwd>дети и подростки</kwd><kwd>образовательные учреждения</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="zh"><kwd>健康</kwd><kwd>发病率</kwd><kwd>儿童和青少年</kwd><kwd>教育机构</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Tretyakova NV. 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