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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Kazan medical journal</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Kazan medical journal</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Казанский медицинский журнал</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0368-4814</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2587-9359</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">641694</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/KMJ641694</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">PXWMAS</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Theoretical and clinical medicine</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Теоретическая и клиническая медицина</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Short-term and long-term outcomes of breast-conserving surgery in patients with breast cancer: a non-randomized clinical trial</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Результаты выполнения органосохранных операций у больных с диагнозом «рак молочной железы»: нерандомизированное клиническое исследование</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title>在诊断为乳腺癌的患者中进行器官保存手术的结果：一项非随机临床试验</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6145-3343</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8902-5712</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Orlov</surname><given-names>Andrey E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Орлов</surname><given-names>Андрей Евгеньевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Head, Depart. of Public Health and Health Organization of the IPO, Chief Physician</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, заведующий, каф. общественного здоровья и организации здравоохранения ИПО, главный врач</p></bio><email>OrlovAE@samaraonko.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1765-6965</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2705-4187</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kaganov</surname><given-names>Oleg I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Каганов</surname><given-names>Олег Игоревич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname></surname><given-names></given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor, Head, Depart. of Oncology, Deputy Chief Physician</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор, заведующий, каф. онкологии, заместитель главного врача по научной работе</p></bio><email>okaganov@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4183-0647</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9681-0358</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tkachev</surname><given-names>Maksim V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ткачёв</surname><given-names>Максим Валерьевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Assistant Lecturer, Depart. of Oncology, Oncologist</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, ассистент, каф. онкологии, врач-онколог</p></bio><email>m9277477577@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8083-2689</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bukin</surname><given-names>Artyom V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Букин</surname><given-names>Артем Владимирович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>6th year student</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>студент VI курса</p></bio><email>aarbukin@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Samara regional clinical Oncology dispensary</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Самарский областной клинический онкологический диспансер</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh"></institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Samara State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Самарский государственный медицинский университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Samara regional clinical Oncology dispensary</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Самарский областной клинический онкологический диспансер</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2025-09-26" publication-format="electronic"><day>26</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-10-05" publication-format="electronic"><day>05</day><month>10</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>106</volume><issue>5</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>717</fpage><lpage>723</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-11-12"><day>12</day><month>11</month><year>2024</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2024-12-17"><day>17</day><month>12</month><year>2024</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2025,</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2028-10-05"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://kazanmedjournal.ru/kazanmedj/article/view/641694">https://kazanmedjournal.ru/kazanmedj/article/view/641694</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>BACKGROUND</bold>: Surgical advances in breast cancer contribute to improving the postoperative quality of life.</p> <p><bold>AIM</bold>: The study aimed to evaluate the short-term and long-term outcomes of breast-conserving surgery.</p> <p><bold>METHODS</bold>: The study included the treatment outcomes reported for 194 patients diagnosed with breast cancer who had been admitted to the Samara Regional Clinical Cancer Hospital between 2011 and 2020. Group 1 (<italic>n</italic> = 96) included patients who had undergone conventional breast-conserving surgeries. For group 2 (<italic>n</italic> = 98), a modified approach, described as “Choosing the extent of surgery for patients diagnosed with breast cancer,” was used. This technique involved the placement of the lateral adipocutaneous flap in the axillary region, with the free edge positioned as close to the <italic>nervus thoracicus longus</italic> as possible. The analysis focused on operative time and intraoperative blood loss. The disease-free and overall survival probabilities were estimated using the Kaplan–Meyer method. The patients were also asked to complete the Breast-Q questionnaire prior to surgery and six months after the treatment. The statistical analysis was performed using the parametric (Student’s <italic>t</italic> test) and non-parametric (Mann–Whitney test, chi-squared test [χ<sup>2</sup>], and Fisher’s exact test) methods. The significance level was set at <italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.05.</p> <p><bold>RESULTS</bold>: The short-term surgical outcomes were not significantly different between the groups. The mean operative time was 76.3 ± 23.3 minutes in group 1 and 65.5 ± 18.3 minutes in group 2 (<italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.001), with the intraoperative blood loss recorded at 53.1 ± 26.2 mL and 49.0 ± 14.3 mL, respectively (<italic>p</italic> = 0.18). Postoperatively, persistent non-infected seroma (&gt;14 days) was identified in 19 patients from group 1 and 7 patients from group 2 (<italic>p</italic> = 0.009).</p> <p><bold>CONCLUSION</bold>: The proposed method provides a significant reduction in the incidence of complications, with long-term outcomes comparable to those observed in the conventional treatment group.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование</bold>. Совершенствование способов хирургического лечения пациентов с раком молочной железы позволяет сохранять высокое качество жизни пациенток после операций.</p> <p><bold>Цель исследования</bold>. Оценить ближайшие и отдалённые результаты применения варианта органосохраняющих операций.</p> <p><bold>Методы</bold>. В исследование включены данные о лечении 194 пациенток с диагнозом «рак молочной железы», проходивших терапию в Самарском областном клиническом онкологическом диспансере в 2011–2020 гг. В 1-й группе (n=96) выполняли стандартные органосохраняющие операции на молочной железе, во 2-й группе (n=98) применяли модифицированный способ «Выбор объёма хирургического лечения для больных с диагнозом рак молочной железы», заключающийся в фиксации свободного края латерального кожно-жирового лоскута в подмышечной области максимально близко к <italic>nervus thoracicus longus</italic>. Анализировали основные продолжительность операции и объём интраоперационной кровопотери. Безрецидивную и общую выживаемость оценивали методом Каплана–Мейера. Пациентки также заполняли опросник Breast-Q накануне операции и через 6 мес после окончания лечения. Статистическую обработку проводили с использованием параметрических (t-критерий Стьюдента) и непараметрических (критерий Манна–Уитни, критерий χ<sup>2</sup> и точный критерий Фишера) методов.</p> <p><bold>Результаты</bold>. Ближайшие результаты хирургического лечения в группах статистически значимо не различались. Средняя продолжительность операции составила 76,3±23,3 мин в 1-й группе и 65,5±18,3 мин во 2-й группе (<italic>р</italic> &lt;0,001); интраоперационная кровопотеря достигла 53,1±26,2 и 49,0±14,3 мл (<italic>р</italic>=0,179) соответственно. В послеоперационном периоде длительная неинфицированная серома (&gt;14 дней) выявлена у 19 пациенток 1-й группы и у 7 пациенток 2-й группы (<italic>р</italic>=0,009).</p> <p><bold>Заключение</bold>. Предложенный способ обеспечивает значимое снижении частоты осложнений, при этом отдалённые результаты сопоставимы с данными группы стандартного лечения.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"><p><bold>论证：</bold>改进乳腺癌患者的手术治疗方法使得能够在手术后保持患者的高生活质量。</p> <p><bold>目的：</bold>评估使用器官保存手术的即时和长期结果。</p> <p><bold>方法：</bold>该研究包括2011-2020年在Samara Regional Clinical Cancer Hospital接受治疗的194名被诊断患有乳腺癌的患者的治疗数据。在第一组（<italic>n</italic>=96）中，进行了标准的乳腺器官保留手术；在第二组（<italic>n</italic>=98）中，采用了一种改良的“选择乳腺癌患者手术治疗体积”的方法，该方法包括将腋窝区域外侧皮脂瓣的游离缘尽可能靠近<italic>nervus thoracicus longus</italic>进行固定。使用卡普兰-迈耶方法评估无病和总体存活。患者还在手术前夕和治疗结束后6个月完成了Breast-Q问卷。使用参数化（学生t检验）和非参数化（曼-惠特尼准则，χ<sup>2</sup>检验和费舍尔精确检验）方法进行统计处理。</p> <p><bold>结果：</bold>各组手术治疗的即时结果在统计学上没有显着差异。手术平均持续时间1组为76.3±23.3分钟，2组为65.5±18.3分钟（<italic>p</italic> &lt;0.001）；术中失血分别达到53.1±26.2和49.0±14.3ml（<italic>p</italic>=0.179）。在术后期间，在第1组的19名患者和第2组的7名患者中检测到延长的未感染血清瘤（&gt;14天）（<italic>p</italic>=0.009）。</p> <p><bold>结论：</bold>所提出的方法提供了并发症发生率的显着降低，而长期结果与标准治疗组的结果相当。</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>breast cancer</kwd><kwd>breast-conserving surgery</kwd><kwd>surgical treatment</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>рак молочной железы</kwd><kwd>органосохраняющие операции</kwd><kwd>хирургическое лечение</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="zh"><kwd>乳腺癌</kwd><kwd>器官保存手术</kwd><kwd>手术治疗</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Cardoso F, Paluch-Shimon S, Senkus E, et al. 5th ESO-ESMO International Consensus Guidelines for Advanced Breast Cancer (ABC 5). 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