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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Kazan medical journal</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Kazan medical journal</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Казанский медицинский журнал</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0368-4814</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2587-9359</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">635730</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/KMJ635730</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Experimental medicine</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Экспериментальная медицина</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Effect of p38 MAPK inhibition on the severity of intestinal dysfunction in suppurative peritonitis under antibacterial therapy</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Влияние блокатора р38 МАРК на выраженность энтеральной недостаточности при гнойном перитоните при использовании антибактериальной терапии</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3197-4276</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6020-9356</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Chepurnykh</surname><given-names>Elena E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чепурных</surname><given-names>Елена Евгеньевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Med.), Academic Secretary, Assist. Prof., Depart. of Faculty Surgery</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, учёный секретарь, доц., каф. факультетской хирургии</p></bio><email>chepurnikh.ee@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3980-050X</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6745-5426</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shurygina</surname><given-names>Irina A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шурыгина</surname><given-names>Ирина Александровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Prof. of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Deputy Director for Science, Head of Lab., lab. of Cellular Technologies and Regeneration Medicine</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, проф. РАН, зам. директора по научной работе, зав. лаб., лаб. клеточных технологий и регенеративной медицины</p></bio><email>shurygina@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4681-905X</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3407-0335</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Fadeeva</surname><given-names>Tatyana V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фадеева</surname><given-names>Татьяна Владимировна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Leading Researcher, Lab. of Cell Technologies and Regenerative Medicine</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, ведущий научный сотрудник, лаб. клеточных технологий и регенеративной медицины</p></bio><email>fadeeva05@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2540-4525</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8038-3583</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Dremina</surname><given-names>Natalya N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дремина</surname><given-names>Наталья Николаевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Biol.), Senior Researcher, Lab. of Cell Technologies and Regenerative Medicine</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. биол. наук, старший научный сотрудник, лаб. клеточных технологий и регенеративной медицины</p></bio><email>drema76@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5921-0318</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6638-5630</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shurygin</surname><given-names>Mikhail G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шурыгин</surname><given-names>Михаил Геннадьевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Head of the Scientific Laboratory Depart.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, зав. научно-лабораторным отделом</p></bio><email>shurygin@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Irkutsk Scientific Centre of Surgery and Traumatology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Иркутский научный центр хирургии и травматологии</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2025-03-26" publication-format="electronic"><day>26</day><month>03</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-04-20" publication-format="electronic"><day>20</day><month>04</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>106</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>226</fpage><lpage>234</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-09-08"><day>08</day><month>09</month><year>2024</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2024-10-31"><day>31</day><month>10</month><year>2024</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2028-04-20"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://kazanmedjournal.ru/kazanmedj/article/view/635730">https://kazanmedjournal.ru/kazanmedj/article/view/635730</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>BACKGROUND</bold>: Identifying new treatment strategies aimed at restoring intestinal wall integrity and preventing the development of abdominal sepsis remains a pressing issue in modern medicine.</p> <p><bold>AIM</bold>: This study aimed to examine the course of experimental peritonitis and the resulting intestinal dysfunction during etiotropic antibacterial therapy combined with pathogenetic treatment using a p38 MAPK inhibitor.</p> <p><bold>MATERIAL</bold><bold> </bold><bold>AND</bold><bold> </bold><bold>METHODS</bold>: Male Wistar rats were divided into control groups 1 and 2 and experimental groups 1, 2, and 3. All animals underwent induction of postoperative diffuse peritonitis via intraperitoneal injection of a suspension containing 10<sup>9</sup> microbial bodies/mL of Escherichia coli and Bacteroides fragilis. One day after peritonitis modeling, rats in the control groups received 3 mL of saline intraperitoneally, while rats in the experimental groups received 3 mL of an aqueous solution of the p38 MAPK inhibitor (a conjugate of 4-[4-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-(4-methylsulfinylphenyl)-1H-imidazole-5-pyridine] with poly-1-vinylimidazole). All animals received antibacterial therapy (cefoperazone + sulbactam, 47 mg/day intramuscularly) starting on day 1 post-modeling. In control group 1 and experimental group 1, the duration of antibiotic therapy was 5 days; in control group 2 and experimental groups 2 and 3, it was 10 days. Animals were euthanized on days 3, 7, 14, and 28. Peritoneal fluid underwent microbiological analysis, and intestinal wall samples were examined histologically. Statistical analysis was performed using Statistica 10 for Windows. The significance of differences between the compared samples (p values) was assessed using the Wilcoxon (W) test and the Mann–Whitney U test. Differences were considered statistically significant at p &lt; 0.05.</p> <p><bold>RESULTS</bold>: Administration of the p38 MAPK inhibitor alongside 5-day antibiotic therapy significantly reduced the severity of intestinal dysfunction on days 3 (p<sub>u</sub> = 0.005), 7 (p<sub>u</sub> = 0.005), and 14 (p<sub>u</sub> = 0.003), compared with control group 1. With 10-day antibiotic therapy, both early (group 2) and delayed (group 3) administration of the inhibitor resulted in reduced intestinal wall damage on days 14 (p<sub>u</sub> = 0.001) and 28 (p<sub>u</sub> = 0.003), compared with control group 2.</p> <p><bold>CONCLUSION</bold>: The p38 MAPK inhibitor attenuated the severity of destructive changes in the intestinal wall when administered alongside antibacterial therapy.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Актуальность</bold>. Поиск новых способов лечения, направленных на восстановление целостности кишечной стенки и профилактику развития абдоминального сепсиса, — актуальная проблема в современной медицине.</p> <p><bold>Цель</bold>. Изучить течение экспериментального перитонита и вызванной им энтеральной недостаточности при использовании этиотропной антибактериальной терапии и патогенетической терапии блокатором р38 МАРК.</p> <p><bold>Материал и методы</bold>. Крысы-самцы линии Вистар были разделены на контрольные группы 1 и 2 и опытные группы 1, 2 и 3. Всем животным выполняли моделирование послеоперационного разлитого перитонита введением в брюшную полость смеси, содержащей 10<sup>9</sup> микробных тел/мл <italic>Escherichia</italic><italic> </italic><italic>coli</italic><italic> </italic>и <italic>Bacteroides</italic><italic> </italic><italic>fragilis</italic>. Животным контрольных групп через сутки после моделирования перитонита внутрибрюшинно вводили 3 мл физиологического раствора, опытных групп — 3 мл раствора блокатора р38 МАРК (водный раствор конъюгата 4-[4-(4-флюорофенил)-2-(4-метилсульфинилфенил)-1H-имидазол-5-пиридина с поли-1-винил-имидазолом). Все животные через 1 сут после моделирования перитонита получали антибактериальную терапию цефаперазоном + сульбактамом в дозе 47 мг/сутки внутримышечно. В контрольной группе 1 и опытной группе 1 длительность антибактериальной терапии составила 5 дней, в контрольной группе 2, опытных группах 2 и 3 — 10 дней. Выведение из эксперимента проводили на 3, 7, 14 и 28-е сутки, выполняли бактериологическое исследование содержимого брюшной полости и патоморфологическое исследование образцов стенки кишечника. Статистическую обработку результатов проводили с помощью пакета программ Statistica 10 for Windows. Определение значимости различий, полученных данных (<italic>р</italic>) в сравниваемых выборках, провели по критерию Уилкоксона (W), U-критерию Манна–Уитни. Значимыми считали различия при <italic>p</italic> &lt;0,05.</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold> Использование блокатора р38 МАРК в эксперименте на фоне антибактериальной терапии в течение 5 сут уменьшает выраженность энтеральной недостаточности на 3 (<italic>p</italic><sub>u</sub>=0,005), 7 (<italic>p</italic><sub>u</sub>=0,005) и 14-е (<italic>p</italic><sub>u</sub>=0,003) сутки исследования по сравнению с контролем 1. При антибактериальной терапии в течении 10 сут как при раннем (группа 2), так и отсроченном (группа 3) его введении получено снижение тяжести повреждения кишечной стенки на 14-е (<italic>p</italic><sub>u</sub>=0,001) и 28-е (<italic>p</italic><sub>u</sub>=0,003) сутки исследования по сравнению с контрольной группой 2.</p> <p><bold>Заключение</bold>. Блокатор р38 МАРК уменьшает выраженность деструктивных изменений в кишечной стенке на фоне проводимой антибактериальной терапии.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>peritonitis</kwd><kwd>enteral insufficiency</kwd><kwd>p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (p38 MAPK)</kwd><kwd>bacterial translocation</kwd><kwd>microbiome</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>перитонит</kwd><kwd>энтеральная недостаточность</kwd><kwd>р38 МАРК</kwd><kwd>бактериальная транслокация</kwd><kwd>микробиом</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Правительство РФ, госзадание</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Government of the Russian Federation, state assignment</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>122022200212-6</award-id></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Pathak AA, Agrawal V, Sharma N, et al. 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