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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Kazan medical journal</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Kazan medical journal</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Казанский медицинский журнал</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0368-4814</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2587-9359</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">635015</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/KMJ635015</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Liquid biopsy in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and precancerous lesions</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Жидкостная биопсия протоковой аденокарциномы и предраковых состояний поджелудочной железы</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9816-3008</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Atayan</surname><given-names>David P.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Атаян</surname><given-names>Давид Павлович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Head of Depart., Depart. of Oncology and Hematology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>зав. отд., отд. онкологии и гематологии</p></bio><email>d.atayan@ihospital.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4601-3478</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7068-1678</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Rakhmatullin</surname><given-names>Tagir I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рахматуллин</surname><given-names>Тагир Ирекович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Student, Rsch. Asst., Depart. of laboratory diagnosis</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>студ., стажёр, отд. лабораторной диагностики</p></bio><email>tagir.rakhmatullin@internet.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6594-8113</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3783-4441</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Jain</surname><given-names>Mark</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Джайн</surname><given-names>Марк</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Bio.), Head and Senior Researcher, Depart. of laboratory diagnosis</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. биол. наук, ст. науч. сотр., отд. лабораторной диагностики</p></bio><email>jain-mark@outlook.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6734-3989</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5404-6202</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Samokhodskaya</surname><given-names>Larisa M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Самоходская</surname><given-names>Лариса Михайловна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p> Cand. Sci. (Med.), Assoc. Prof., Head of Depart., Depart. of laboratory diagnosis</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, доц., зав. отд., отд. лабораторной диагностики</p></bio><email>slm@fbm.msu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8805-7604</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4487-1663</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Egorov</surname><given-names>Vyacheslav I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Егоров</surname><given-names>Вячеслав Иванович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Prof., Head of Depart., Depart. hepatobiliopancreatic surgery</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, проф., рук. службы гепато-панкреато-билиарной хирургии</p></bio><email>egorov12333@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Ilyinskaya Hospital</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Ильинская больница</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Московский государственный университет имени М.В. Ломоносова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">University Clinic of Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Университетская клиника Московского государственного университета имени М.В. Ломоносова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2025-01-31" publication-format="electronic"><day>31</day><month>01</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-04-20" publication-format="electronic"><day>20</day><month>04</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>106</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>243</fpage><lpage>257</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-08-12"><day>12</day><month>08</month><year>2024</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2024-12-17"><day>17</day><month>12</month><year>2024</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2028-04-20"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://kazanmedjournal.ru/kazanmedj/article/view/635015">https://kazanmedjournal.ru/kazanmedj/article/view/635015</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma ranks seventh among all cancer-related causes of death and has an overall 5-year survival rate of no more than 15% across all stages. This high mortality rate is largely attributed to delayed diagnosis: due to late clinical manifestation and early metastasis, only about 5% of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cases are detected at stage I. Another important issue is the risk of overtreatment in patients with benign or non-neoplastic pancreatic conditions that mimic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, often resulting in unnecessary and invasive surgeries. A diagnostic approach capable of detecting pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma with high sensitivity at early stages and distinguishing it from benign pancreatic diseases could improve survival rates and reduce the number of unwarranted high-risk procedures. One of the most promising technologies for early and noninvasive cancer detection is liquid biopsy. This term refers to a set of analytical methods designed to identify tumor-specific genetic, epigenetic, and antigenic alterations by analyzing tumor-derived materials in biological fluids such as plasma, bile, or urine. Liquid biopsy may be used not only for early detection of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and its precursors in high-risk individuals but also for differential diagnosis. This review summarizes current research evaluating the diagnostic potential of liquid biopsy through the detection of extracellular tumor DNA and RNA, as well as circulating tumor cells in blood, pancreatic juice, and bile in patients with pancreatic neoplasms.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Протоковая аденокарцинома поджелудочной железы занимает 7-е место по смертности среди всех онкологических заболеваний и характеризуется общей пятилетней выживаемостью на всех стадиях не более 15%. Столь высокая летальность связана с поздним выявлением данного новообразования — ввиду отсроченной клинической манифестации и раннего метастазирования лишь около 5% протоковых аденокарцином поджелудочной железы диагностируют на I стадии. Кроме того, актуальной остаётся проблема чрезмерного хирургического воздействия на пациентов, имевших доброкачественное или неопухолевое поражение поджелудочной железы, маскирующееся под протоковую аденокарциному. Применение диагностического подхода, способного с высокой чувствительностью выявлять протоковую аденокарциному на ранней стадии и дифференцировать её с доброкачественными заболеваниями поджелудочной железы, позволило бы увеличить выживаемость больных с данным новообразованием и снизить количество бессмысленных травматизирующих операций. Одной из наиболее перспективных технологий для ранней и неинвазивной диагностики злокачественных новообразований является жидкостная биопсия. Под данным термином понимают комплекс аналитических подходов, направленных на выявление характерных для опухоли генетических, эпигенетических и антигенных изменений при анализе опухолевых дериватов в биологических жидкостях организма (таких как плазма, желчь, моча и т. д.). Жидкостная биопсия может быть использована не только для раннего выявления протоковой аденокарциномы поджелудочной железы и её предшественников у пациентов, находящихся в группах риска, но и для её дифференциальной диагностики. В настоящем обзоре рассмотрены работы, посвящённые оценке диагностического потенциала жидкостной биопсии по внеклеточной опухолевой дезоксирибонуклеиновой кислоте и рибонуклеиновой кислоте, а также циркулирующих опухолевых клеток в крови, панкреатическом соке и желчи у пациентов с новообразованиями поджелудочной железы.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>circulating tumor DNA</kwd><kwd>microRNA</kwd><kwd>circulating tumor cells</kwd><kwd>liquid biopsy</kwd><kwd>pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma</kwd><kwd>review</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>циркулирующая опухолевая ДНК</kwd><kwd>микроРНК</kwd><kwd>циркулирующие опухолевые клетки</kwd><kwd>жидкостная биопсия</kwd><kwd>протоковая аденокарцинома поджелудочной железы</kwd><kwd>обзор</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">МГУ имени М.В. Ломоносова</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">State assignment of Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Bengtsson A, Andersson R, Ansari D. The actual 5-year survivors of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma based on real-world data. Sci Rep. 2020;10(1):16425. doi: 10.1038/S41598-020-73525-Y</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Shangina OV, Maximovich DM, Zaridze DG. Descriptive, analytical and molecular epidemiology of pancreatic cancer. Siberian Journal of Oncology. 2022;21(3):90–103. doi: 10.21294/1814-4861-2022-21-3-90-103</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>Zeid HA, Salfi G, Mansour R, et al. 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