Kazan medical journalKazan medical journalКазанский медицинский журнал0368-48142587-9359Eco-Vector63436810.17816/KMJ634368ReviewsОбзорыReview ArticlePossibilities of using secondary plant metabolites as antitumor agentsВозможности применения вторичных метаболитов растений как противоопухолевых средствhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1410-122X4137-7410ZlatnikElena Yu.ЗлатникЕлена Юрьевна
Russian Federation

MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Prof., Chief Researcher, Laboratory of immunophenotyping of tumors

д-р мед. наук, проф., гл. науч. сотр., лаб. иммунофенотипирования опухолей

elena-zlatnik@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-0874-52617272-1408SagakyantsAlexander B.СагакянцАлександр Борисович
Russian Federation

Cand. Sci. (Biol.), Assoc. Prof., Head, Laboratory of Tumor Immunophenotyping

канд. биол. наук, доц., зав. лаб., лаб. иммунофенотипирования опухолей

asagak@rambler.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-0521-88378930-9580NepomnyashchayaEugenia M.НепомнящаяЕвгения Марковна
Russian Federation

MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Prof., Pathological Anatomy Depart.

д-р мед. наук, проф., патологоанатомическое отд.

evgeniyamarkovna@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7089-50202182-9981ZakharovaNatalya A.ЗахароваНаталья Александровна
Russian Federation

MD, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Oncologist, Depart. of Reconstructive Plastic Surgery

канд. мед. наук, врач-онколог, отд. реконструктивно-пластической хирургии

zakharova.tata@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0361-330X1276-9063UlyanovaYulia V.УльяноваЮлия Викторовна
Russian Federation

MD, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Oncologist, Depart. of Head and Neck Tumors

канд. мед. наук, врач-онколог, отд. опухолей головы и шеи

2014_ulia@mail.ruNational Medical Research Center of OncologyНациональный медицинский исследовательский центр онкологии0210202410558138241807202402092024Copyright ©; 2024, Eco-VectorCopyright ©; 2024, Эко-Вектор2024Eco-VectorЭко-Векторhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0https://kazanmedjournal.ru/kazanmedj/article/view/634368

The review summarized the literature data of recent years on the antitumor effect of secondary plant metabolites, as well as their immunotropic and anti-inflammatory effects as components of the antitumor response. The biological basis for the action of secondary plant metabolites was characterized in the form of influence on potential targets: transcription factors, signaling pathways and receptors responsible for proliferation and apoptosis. The ways of increasing the bioavailability of secondary plant metabolites to enhance the effectiveness and possibility of their medicinal use were considered, the effects of berberine, curcumin and their derivatives were described. The search for scientific publications was conducted in foreign (PubMed) and domestic (eLibrary) electronic libraries. It was found that the multiplicity of molecular targets of secondary plant metabolites and the pleiotropy of their effects suggest the possibility of their use for the regulation of various processes in tumor and normal cells. There was a connection between the antitumor effect of secondary plant metabolites and their anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory action. However, a significant limitation of their use was the fact that most studies were conducted on cell cultures, which was insufficient to judge the antitumor effect. Clinical trials were few and their results were contradictory. In addition, a certain contradiction has been noted between the idea of a more effective action when using a pure substance or a complex composition of various plant components. An important problem was the low bioavailability of most secondary plant metabolites, for which various methods have been proposed. Despite the long history of phytotherapy in oncology, the development of new derivatives of secondary plant metabolites with high water solubility remains relevant, including modified molecules of known secondary plant metabolites and the search for new ones with unexplored biological activity. Modern methods of chemical synthesis and delivery systems of derivatives of secondary plant metabolites, as well as the study of their effects in model experiments, seem to be promising scientific directions for the creation of new drugs with antitumor activity.

В обзоре обобщены данные литературы последних лет о противоопухолевом действии вторичных метаболитов растений, а также их иммунотропном и противовоспалительном действии как компонентах противоопухолевого ответа. Охарактеризованы биологические основы действия вторичных метаболитов растений в виде влияния на потенциальные мишени: транскрипционные факторы, сигнальные пути и рецепторы, ответственные за пролиферацию и апоптоз. Рассмотрены пути повышения биодоступности вторичных метаболитов растений для усиления эффективности и возможности их медикаментозного применения, описаны эффекты берберина, куркумина и их производных. Поиск научных публикаций проведён в зарубежных (PubMed) и отечественных (eLibrary) электронных библиотеках. Установлено, что множественность молекулярных мишеней вторичных метаболитов растений и плейотропность их эффектов предполагают возможность их применения для регуляции различных процессов в опухолевых и нормальных клетках. Прослеживается связь между противоопухолевым эффектом вторичных метаболитов растений и их противовоспалительным и иммуномодулирующим действием. Однако существенным ограничением их применения становится то обстоятельство, что большинство исследований проведено на культурах клеток, что недостаточно для суждения о противоопухолевом действии. Клинические испытания немногочисленны, и результаты их противоречивы. Кроме того, отмечено определённое противоречие между представлением о более эффективном действии при использовании чистого вещества или сложной композиции разнообразных растительных компонентов. Важная проблема — низкая биодоступность большинства вторичных метаболитов растений, для повышения которой предложены различные способы. Несмотря на давнюю историю фитотерапии в онкологии, остаётся актуальной разработка новых производных вторичных метаболитов растений, обладающих высокой водорастворимостью, включая модифицированные молекулы известных вторичных метаболитов растений и поиск новых, с неисследованной биологической активностью. Современные методы химического синтеза и систем доставки производных вторичных метаболитов растений, а также исследование их эффектов в модельных экспериментах представляются перспективными научными направлениями для создания новых лекарственных препаратов с противоопухолевой активностью.

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