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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Kazan medical journal</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Kazan medical journal</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Казанский медицинский журнал</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0368-4814</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2587-9359</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">633480</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/KMJ633480</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">EHLKWX</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Theoretical and clinical medicine</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Теоретическая и клиническая медицина</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Laser Doppler flowmetry for the early diagnosis of localized traumatic periodontitis</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Использование лазерной допплеровской флоуметрии при ранней диагностике локализованного пародонтита травматической этиологии</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title>激光多普勒血流仪在创伤病因局限性牙周炎早期诊断中的应用</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6322-1906</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6670-9147</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Smirnova</surname><given-names>Aleksandra V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Смирнова</surname><given-names>Александра Владимировна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine), Assistant Lecturer, Depart. of General Practice Dentistry</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, ассистент, каф. стоматологии общей практики</p></bio><email>sandra.08.03@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3713-0000</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9533-5268</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Belov</surname><given-names>Maksim V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Белов</surname><given-names>Максим Владимирович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Senior Lecturer, Depart. of Surgical Dentistry and Maxillofacial Surgery</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>старший преподаватель, каф. хирургической стоматологии и челюстно-лицевой хирургии</p></bio><email>maxim198407@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7731-5460</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuzmina</surname><given-names>Diana A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кузьмина</surname><given-names>Диана Алексеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Assistant Professor, senior research associate, Lab. of medical and social problems in pediatrics, Professor, Depart. of Dentistry</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, доцент, старший научный сотрудник, лаб. медико-социальных проблем в педиатрии, профессор, каф. стоматологии</p></bio><email>dianaspb2005@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-7896-976X</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7554-6869</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Korsakova</surname><given-names>Tatyana P.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Корсакова</surname><given-names>Татьяна Павловна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Senior Lecturer, Depart. of Surgical Dentistry and Maxillofacial Surgery, Depart. of Therapeutic Dentistry</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>старший преподаватель, каф. хирургической стоматологии и челюстно-лицевой хирургии, каф. терапевтической стоматологии</p></bio><email>tatyanak534@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0052-3277</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6752-6698</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Iordanischvili</surname><given-names>Andrey K.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иорданишвили</surname><given-names>Андрей Константинович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor, Depart. of Maxillofacial Surgery and Surgical Dentistry, Chief Scientific Secretary, MANEB</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор, каф. челюстно-лицевой хирургии и хирургической стоматологии, главный учёный секретарь, МАНЭБ</p></bio><email>Professoraki@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Северо-Западный государственный медицинский университет им. И.И. Мечникова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Saint-Petersburg Medico-Social Institute</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Санкт-Петербургский медико-социальный институт</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Saint-Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Санкт-Петербургский государственный педиатрический медицинский университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Saint-Petersburg State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff5"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Kirov Military Medical Academy</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Военно-медицинская академия им. С.М. Кирова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2025-06-27" publication-format="electronic"><day>27</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-08-05" publication-format="electronic"><day>05</day><month>08</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>106</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>570</fpage><lpage>577</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-06-17"><day>17</day><month>06</month><year>2024</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2024-11-20"><day>20</day><month>11</month><year>2024</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2025,</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2028-08-05"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://eco-vector.com/for_authors.php#07</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://kazanmedjournal.ru/kazanmedj/article/view/633480">https://kazanmedjournal.ru/kazanmedj/article/view/633480</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>BACKGROUND:</bold> Laser Doppler flowmetry is an effective method for the diagnosis of initial periodontitis.</p> <p><bold>AIM:</bold><bold> </bold>To evaluate the microcirculation using laser Doppler flowmetry in patients with mild and moderate localized traumatic periodontitis.</p> <p><bold>METHODS:</bold> We evaluated the periodontium in patients with mild (102 participants) and moderate (67 participants) localized periodontitis. We performed a standard physical examination and used laser Doppler flowmetry to investigate the level and intensity of periodontal circulation and microvascular vasomotor activity (general microcirculation index, standard deviation of perfusion fluctuations, coefficient of variation, and shunting index). The data were processed using statistical methods (Fisher’s exact test, Student’s <italic>t</italic> test, risk ratio calculation).</p> <p><bold>RESULTS:</bold> We recorded a reduction in the average periodontal perfusion in both mild and moderate localized periodontitis in the lesion region compared with the test region (an area of clinically healthy periodontium on the contralateral jaw). For example, in mild periodontitis, perfusion was 10.4 ± 2.01 PFU in the lesion region and 15.28 ± 1.16 PFU in the test region (<italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.001); in moderate periodontitis, perfusion was 7.01 ± 0.97 PFU and 13.98 ± 0.83 PFU, respectively (<italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.001). The coefficient of variation was also lower in the lesion region: 12.16 ± 2.2 and 13.56 ± 5.0 (<italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.001) in mild periodontitis and 10.32 ± 1.63 and 15.54 ± 3.8 (<italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.001) in moderate periodontitis. We identified a lower standard deviation: in mild periodontitis, it was 1.38 ± 0.32 in the lesion region and 1.59 ± 0.65 in the test region (<italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.001), and in moderate periodontitis, it was 1.35 ± 0.17 and 1.65 ± 0.44, respectively (<italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.001). In addition, we observed an increased number of functional arteriole-venular shunts: in mild periodontitis, this number was 1.20 ± 0.08 in the lesion region and 0.84 ± 0.05 in the test region (<italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.001), and in moderate periodontitis, it was 1.09 ± 0.09 and 0.91 ± 0.12, respectively (<italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.001).</p> <p><bold>CONCLUSION:</bold><bold> </bold>Abnormal microcirculation in localized traumatic periodontitis occurs even at the initial stage of the disease (i.e., at the preclinical level). Regardless of the severity, tissue perfusion in the lesion region is reduced and the number of functional capillaries is decreased, leading to congestion in the periodontium.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Актуальность.</bold><bold> </bold>Лазерная допплеровская флоуметрия — эффективный метод диагностики начальной стадии пародонтита.</p> <p><bold>Цель.</bold> Провести оценку гемомикроциркуляции с использованием лазерной допплеровской флоуметрии у пациентов с локализованным пародонтитом травматической этиологии лёгкой и средней степени тяжести.</p> <p><bold>Материал и методы.</bold> Проведена оценка пародонта у пациентов с локализованным пародонтитом лёгкой (102 человека) и средней (67 человек) степени тяжести. Выполнили стандартное клиническое обследование, с помощью лазерной допплеровской флоуметрии изучали уровень и интенсивность кровотока в пародонте, вазомоторную активность микрососудов (общий показатель микроциркуляции, значение среднеквадратического отклонения колебаний перфузии, коэффициент вариации, показатель шунтирования). Данные обработали статистическими методами (точный критерий Фишера, Т-тест Стьюдента, расчёт относительного риска).</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold> Зафиксировано уменьшение средней величины перфузии тканей пародонта при локализованном пародонтите в зоне патологического очага по сравнению с тестовой зоной (участок клинически здорового пародонта на противоположной симметричной стороне челюсти) как при лёгкой, так и при средней степени тяжести. Так, при лёгкой степени тяжести перфузия составила 10,4±2,01 пф. ед. в зоне патологии и 15,28±1,16 пф. ед. в тестовой зоне (<italic>р</italic> &lt;0,001); при средней степени — 7,01±0,97 и 13,98±0,83 пф. ед. соответственно (<italic>р</italic> &lt;0,001). Коэффициент вариации также был ниже в зоне патологии: при лёгкой степени — 12,16±2,2 против 13,56±5,0 (<italic>р</italic> &lt;0,001); при средней степени — 10,32±1,63 против 15,54±3,8 (<italic>р</italic> &lt;0,001). Определено уменьшение уровня среднеквадратического отклонения: при лёгкой степени — 1,38±0,32 в зоне патологии и 1,59±0,65 в тестовой зоне (<italic>р</italic> &lt;0,001); при средней степени — 1,35±0,17 и 1,65±0,44 соответственно (<italic>р</italic> &lt;0,001). Кроме того, отмечено увеличение количества функционирующих артериоло-венулярных шунтов: при лёгкой степени — 1,20±0,08 в зоне патологии и 0,84±0,05 в тестовой зоне (<italic>р</italic> &lt;0,001); при средней степени — 1,09±0,09 и 0,91±0,12 соответственно (<italic>р</italic> &lt;0,001).</p> <p><bold>Заключение.</bold> Нарушения гемомикроциркуляции при локализованном пародонтите травматической этиологии происходят уже на ранней стадии заболевания, на доклиническом уровне. Независимо от степени тяжести заболевания уровень перфузии тканей в зоне патологического очага снижается и уменьшается количество функционирующих капилляров, что приводит к застойным явлениям в пародонте.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"><p><bold>研究背景：</bold>激光多普勒血流法是牙周炎初期有效的诊断方法。</p> <p><bold>目的：</bold>利用激光多普勒血流仪对轻度和中度创伤病因的局部牙周炎患者进行血微循环评价。</p> <p><bold>研究对象与方法：</bold>在轻度（102人）和中度（67人）严重程度的局限性牙周炎患者中评估牙周炎。进行了标准临床检查，并使用激光多普勒血流测量法研究了牙周内血流的水平和强度，微血管的血管运动活性（总微循环指数，灌注波动的标准偏差，变异系数， 使用统计方法（费舍尔精确标准，学生T检验，相对风险计算）处理数据。</p> <p><bold>结果：</bold>与测试区域（颌相对对称侧的一段临床健康牙周）相比，记录了病理焦点区域中局部牙周炎的牙周组织的平均灌注减少，轻度和中度严重程度。因此，轻度严重程度，灌注在病理区为10.4±2.01PFU单位，测试区为15.28±1.16PFU单位（<italic>p</italic> &lt;0.001）；中度严重程度，分别为7.01±0.97和13.98±0.83PFU单位（<italic>p</italic> &lt;0.001）。病理区的变异系数也较低：轻度病例—12.16±2.2对13.56±5.0（<italic>p</italic> &lt;0.001）；中度病例—10.32±1.63对15.54±3.8（<italic>p</italic> &lt;0.001）。确定标准偏差的降低：病理区为轻度—1.38±0.32，试验区为1.59±0.65（<italic>p</italic> &lt;0.001）；中度—分别为1.35±0.17和1.65±0.44（<italic>p</italic> &lt;0.001）。此外，功能动静脉分流的数量增加：在轻度病例中，病理区为1.20±0.08，测试区为0.84±0.05（<italic>p</italic> &lt;0.001）； 平均度分别为1.09±0.09和0.91±0.12（<italic>p</italic> &lt;0.001）。</p> <p><bold>结论：</bold>创伤性病因的局部牙周炎的血微循环障碍已经发生在疾病的早期阶段，在临床前水平。无论疾病的严重程度如何，病理焦点区域的组织灌注水平降低并且功能性毛细血管的数量减少，这导致牙周充血。</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>localized traumatic periodontitis</kwd><kwd>laser Doppler flowmetry</kwd><kwd>periodontal perfusion</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>локализованный пародонтит травматической этиологии</kwd><kwd>лазерная допплеровская флоуметрия</kwd><kwd>перфузия тканей пародонта</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="zh"><kwd>外伤病因的局限性牙周炎</kwd><kwd>激光多普勒血流测量</kwd><kwd>牙周组织灌注</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Laredo-Naranjo MA, Patiño-Marín N, Martínez-Castañón GA, et al. 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