Kazan medical journalKazan medical journalКазанский медицинский журнал0368-48142587-9359Eco-Vector62956910.17816/KMJ629569DCIPHPSocial hygiene and healthcare managementСоциальная гигиена и организация здравоохраненияReview ArticlePeculiarities of medical and social prevention of dental diseases in preschool-aged childrenОсобенности медико-социальной профилактики стоматологических заболеваний у детей дошкольного возрастаhttps://orcid.org/0009-0002-0643-04186211-9000KhadyevaMadina N.ХадыеваМадина Наилевна
Russian Federation

MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine), Assistant Lecturer, Depart. of Therapeutic Dentistry

канд. мед. наук, ассистент, каф. терапевтической стоматологии

ooo.unident@mail.ruKazan State Medical UniversityКазанский государственный медицинский университет250720250508202510646476562404202416092024Copyright ©; 2025, Eco-VectorCopyright ©; 2025, Эко-Вектор2025Eco-VectorЭко-Векторhttps://eco-vector.com/for_authors.php#07https://kazanmedjournal.ru/kazanmedj/article/view/629569

Scientific data show the importance of implementing primary, secondary, and tertiary preventive measures against dental diseases beginning from the antenatal period. Dental diseases remain prevalent among children worldwide and are a substantial economic burden on public health systems. A comprehensive dental prevention program for pediatric populations should be based on early initiation (starting from the antenatal period), an interdisciplinary and intersectoral approach, and monitoring of program effectiveness. Countries with high pediatric dental disease prevalence are developing and implementing national programs for preventing early childhood caries and other dental diseases. Primary prevention of early childhood caries is crucial to reduce disease prevalence in children and adults. Secondary prevention focuses on stopping disease progression and promoting dental hard tissue remineralization. Tertiary prevention includes orthodontic and prosthetic treatment to restore dental arch defects. The Russian Ministry of Health has approved a clinical protocol for treating pediatric dental diseases, including the prevention of dental caries, periodontal diseases, and oral mucosal conditions. This protocol outlines treatment strategies such as nutritional correction (e.g., prescribing multivitamins and calcium supplements) and specifies follow-up intervals based on caries severity and comorbid conditions. A regional dental care model has been established in the Republic of Tatarstan, prioritizing prevention and development of socially oriented dental programs for vulnerable groups, including individuals with disabilities and children from disadvantaged backgrounds, tailored to regional patterns of dental morbidity.

Анализ данных литературы подчёркивает важность проведения мероприятий по первичной, вторичной и третичной профилактике стоматологических заболеваний, начиная с антенатального периода развития плода. Стоматологические болезни среди детей разных возрастов остаются широко распространёнными заболеваниями во всём мире, в частности их диагностика и лечение сопряжены с высокими затратами для государства. Комплексная программа профилактики стоматологических заболеваний у детского населения должна основываться на следующих принципах: раннее начало (с антенатального периода), междисциплинарный и межведомственный подход, мониторинг эффективности действия программ. Страны с высокой распространённостью стоматологических заболеваний у детского населения разрабатывают и внедряют национальные программы по профилактике раннего детского кариеса и других стоматологических болезней. Первичная профилактика раннего детского кариеса является ключом к снижению рисков распространённости данного заболевания среди детей, а также в будущем и у взрослых. Вторичная профилактика направлена на предотвращение процессов прогрессирования стоматологических заболеваний и на активацию процессов реминерализации твёрдых тканей зубов. Третичная профилактика включает ортодонтическое и ортопедическое лечение, предполагающее восстановление дефектов зубного ряда. Минздравом России утверждён протокол ведения детей, страдающих стоматологическими заболеваниями, с разделом по профилактике кариеса зубов, заболеваний пародонта и слизистой полости рта, в нём определены лечебные мероприятия по коррекции питания (назначение поливитаминов, препаратов кальция), а также сроков наблюдения, в зависимости от интенсивности кариозного процесса и сопутствующей патологии. В Республике Татарстан создана организационно-функциональная модель стоматологической службы региона на основе приоритета профилактики и разработки социально ориентированных программ стоматологической помощи для декретированных групп населения, включая инвалидов и детей из социально неблагополучных семей, с учётом уровня стоматологической заболеваемости.

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