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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Kazan medical journal</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Kazan medical journal</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Казанский медицинский журнал</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0368-4814</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2587-9359</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">629142</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/KMJ629142</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Theoretical and clinical medicine</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Теоретическая и клиническая медицина</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Association of spleen-derived stem-like cells with hematogenous metastasis development</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Ассоциация клеток селезёнки со стволовыми признаками с развитием гематогенных метастазов</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0909-9206</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3565-7265</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Andryukhova</surname><given-names>Elena S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Андрюхова</surname><given-names>Елена Сергеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Junior Researcher, Depart. of General and Molecular Pathology, Oncology Research Institute</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>мл. науч. сотр., отд. общей и молекулярной патологии, Научно-исследовательский институт онкологии</p></bio><email>elenasergeevna9607@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2061-8417</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4371-5340</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tashireva</surname><given-names>Lyubov A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Таширева</surname><given-names>Любовь Алексановна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Head of the Laboratory, Laboratory of Molecular Cancer Therapy, Oncology Research Institute</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, зав. лабораторией, лаб. молекулярной терапии рака, Научно-исследовательский институт онкологии</p></bio><email>tashireva@oncology.tomsk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4701-0375</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9206-3037</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Afanasyev</surname><given-names>Sergey G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Афанасьев</surname><given-names>Сергей Геннадьевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Prof., Head of Depart., Depart. of Abdominal Oncology, Oncology Research Institute</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, проф., зав. отд., отд. абдоминальной онкологии, Научно-исследовательский институт онкологии</p></bio><email>doc1966@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9429-9813</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1229-0323</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zavyalova</surname><given-names>Marina V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Завьялова</surname><given-names>Марина Викторовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Prof., Leading Researcher, Depart. of General and Molecular Pathology, Oncology Research Institute; Head of Depart., Depart. Of Pathology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, проф., ведущий науч. сотр., отд. общей и молекулярной патологии, Научно-исследовательский институт онкологии; зав. каф., каф. патологической анатомии</p></bio><email>zavyalovamv@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7633-9620</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6252-5319</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Perelmuter</surname><given-names>Vladimir M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Перельмутер</surname><given-names>Владимир Михайлович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Prof., Honored Scientist of the Russian Federation, Chief Researcher, Depart. of General and Molecular Pathology, Oncology Research Institute</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, проф., заслуженный деятель науки РФ, гл. науч. сотр., отд. общей и молекулярной патологии, Научно-исследовательский институт онкологии</p></bio><email>pvmngs@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Томский национальный исследовательский медицинский центр Российской академии наук</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Siberian State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Сибирский государственный медицинский университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2024-10-08" publication-format="electronic"><day>08</day><month>10</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-11-27" publication-format="electronic"><day>27</day><month>11</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>105</volume><issue>6</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>906</fpage><lpage>916</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-03-15"><day>15</day><month>03</month><year>2024</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2024-06-20"><day>20</day><month>06</month><year>2024</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2027-11-27"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://kazanmedjournal.ru/kazanmedj/article/view/629142">https://kazanmedjournal.ru/kazanmedj/article/view/629142</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>BACKGROUND:</bold> Spleen status has been associated with survival in patients with carcinoma, potentially mediated by the effects of immunosuppressive hematopoietic cells in the spleen.</p> <p><bold>AIM:</bold> This study aimed to investigate the composition and quantity of hematopoietic stem-like cells in the spleen and their relationship with hematogenous metastases in patients with varying carcinoma types.</p> <p><bold>MATERIAL AND METHODS:</bold> Forty patients with carcinomas of the stomach, gastroesophageal junction, pancreas, splenic flexure of the colon, sigmoid colon, kidney, ovary, and uterus were examined. The subgroup with hematogenous metastases (15 patients) included 7 cases of gastric cancer, 1 of gastroesophageal junction cancer, 4 of colon cancer, 1 of pancreatic cancer, 1 of renal cancer, and 1 of ovarian cancer. The subgroup without hematogenous metastases (13 patients) comprised 6 cases of gastric cancer, 4 of gastroesophageal junction cancer, 1 of colon cancer, 1 of pancreatic cancer, and 1 of uterine cancer. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded spleen tissue sections were analyzed using multiplex tyramide signal amplification, a modified immunohistochemistry technique, with antibodies to CD45, CD34, CD133, TIE2, VEGFR1, CD90, and CD11b. Data are presented as median (Me) and interquartile range (Q<sub>1</sub>–Q<sub>3</sub>). Differences between groups were assessed using the Mann–Whitney <italic>U</italic> test. ROC analysis was employed to evaluate the prognostic significance of the parameters. <italic>P</italic> &lt; 0.05 indicated significant differences.</p> <p><bold>RESULTS:</bold> Multiparametric analysis of spleen tissue identified 20 phenotypes within the continuum of hematopoietic stem cells and cells with hematopoietic/angiogenic potential, exhibiting phenotypic diversity. Across all carcinoma types, the number of CD45<sup>–</sup>CD34<sup>+</sup>CD133<sup>–</sup>TIE2<sup>–</sup>VEGFR1<sup>–</sup> stem-like cells in lymphoid follicles was lower in patients with hematogenous metastases: 43.313 (0.00–85.393) and 110.034 (83.050–197.915), respectively (<italic>p</italic> = 0.03). The number of stem-like cells with the CD45<sup>–</sup>CD34<sup>+</sup>CD133<sup>–</sup>TIE2<sup>–</sup>VEGFR1<sup>–</sup> phenotype was lower in the group of patients with gastric cancer and hematogenous metastases (31.092 [0.000–37.987]) than in the group without hematogenous metastases (119.962 [103.486–258.533]) (<italic>p</italic> = 0.001). In contrast, the number of hematopoietic progenitor cells with the CD45<sup>+</sup>CD34<sup>–</sup>CD133<sup>+</sup>TIE2<sup>–</sup>VEGFR1<sup>–</sup> phenotype identified in the lymphoid follicle was higher (7901.164 [5705.314–8563.807] vs 4670.894 [3328.607–6473.649]) (<italic>p</italic> = 0.035), as well as the number of CD45<sup>+</sup>CD34<sup>–</sup>CD133<sup>+</sup>TIE2<sup>+</sup>VEGFR1<sup>+</sup> cells detected in the red pulp of the spleen (131.396 [35.701–167.521] vs 21.524 [6.123–30.117]) (<italic>p</italic> = 0.02).</p> <p><bold>CONCLUSION: </bold>The number of spleen-derived cells with the phenotypes CD45<sup>–</sup>CD34<sup>+</sup>CD133<sup>–</sup>TIE2<sup>–</sup>VEGFR1<sup>–</sup>, CD45<sup>+</sup>CD34<sup>–</sup>CD133<sup>+</sup>TIE2<sup>–</sup>VEGFR1<sup>–</sup>, and CD45<sup>+</sup>CD34<sup>–</sup>CD133<sup>+</sup>TIE2<sup>+</sup>VEGFR1<sup>+</sup> is associated with hematogenous metastasis.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Актуальность.</bold> Состояние селезёнки ассоциировано с выживаемостью при карциномах. Один из механизмов может быть связан с эффектами иммуносупрессивных гемопоэтических клеток, источником которых служит селезёнка.</p> <p><bold>Цель.</bold> Изучить состав и количество гемопоэтических клеток со стволовыми признаками в селезёнке и их ассоциацию с гематогенным метастазированием у пациентов с разными нозологическими формами карцином.</p> <p><bold>Материал и методы исследования. </bold>В исследование были включены 40 пациентов с раком желудка, кардиоэзофагеального перехода, поджелудочной железы, селезёночного угла толстой кишки, сигмовидной кишки, почки, яичника и матки. В подгруппу с гематогенными метастазами (15 пациентов) были включены 7 случаев рака желудка, 1 — кардиоэзофагеального перехода, 4 — толстой кишки, 1 — поджелудочной железы, 1 — почки, 1 — яичника. В подгруппу без гематогенных метастазов (13 пациентов) включены: 6 случаев рака желудка, 4 — кардиоэзофагеального перехода, 1 — толстой кишки, 1 — поджелудочной железы, 1 — матки. Материалом исследования служили фиксированные формалином и залитые парафином срезы ткани селезёнки. Применяли метод мультиплексной тирамидной амплификации сигнала — модифицированной иммуногистохимии срезов ткани, с использованием антител к CD45, CD34, CD133, TIE2, VEGFR1, CD90, CD11b. Исследуемые параметры были описаны как медиана (Ме) и интерквартильный интервал (Q<sub>1</sub>–Q<sub>3</sub>). Оценку различий параметров осуществляли при помощи критерия Манна–Уитни. ROC-анализ использовали для оценки прогностической ценности параметров. Различия считали достоверными при уровне значимости р &lt;0,05.</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold> Изучение ткани селезёнки с одновременным определением на каждой клетке нескольких маркёров позволило выявить 20 фенотипов, относящихся к представителям континуума стволовых гемопоэтических клеток и континуума стволовых клеток с гемопоэтическими/ангиогенными потенциями, характеризующихся выраженным фенотипическим разнообразием. В общей группе, включающей все исследованные нозологические формы, количество стволовых клеток с фенотипом CD45<sup>–</sup>CD34<sup>+</sup>CD133<sup>–</sup>TIE2<sup>–</sup>VEGFR1<sup>–</sup>, обнаруживаемых в лимфоидных фолликулах селезёнки, было меньше в случаях с гематогенными метастазами: соответственно, 43,313 (0,00–85,393) и 110,034 (83,050–197,915) (p=0,03). В группе больных раком желудка с гематогенными метастазами обнаружено меньшее количество стволовых клеток с фенотипом CD45<sup>–</sup>CD34<sup>+</sup>CD133<sup>–</sup>TIE2<sup>–</sup>VEGFR1<sup>– </sup>[31,092 (0,000–37,987)] по сравнению группой без гематогенных метастазов [119,962 (103,486–258,533)] (p=0,001), большее число стволовых клеток-предшественников с фенотипом CD45<sup>+</sup>CD34<sup>–</sup>CD133<sup>+</sup>TIE2<sup>–</sup>VEGFR1<sup>–</sup>, определённых в лимфоидном фолликуле [7901,164 (5705,314–8563,807) против 4670,894 (3328,607–6473,649)] (p=0,035), а также большее количество клеток с фенотипом CD45<sup>+</sup>CD34<sup>–</sup>CD133<sup>+</sup>TIE2<sup>+</sup>VEGFR1<sup>+</sup>, выявленных в красной пульпе селезёнки [131,396 (35,701–167,521) против 21,524 (6,123–30,117)] (p=0,02).</p> <p><bold>Вывод.</bold> Количество клеток селезёнки с фенотипами CD45<sup>–</sup>CD34<sup>+</sup>CD133<sup>–</sup>TIE2<sup>–</sup>VEGFR1<sup>–</sup>, CD45<sup>+</sup>CD34<sup>–</sup>CD133<sup>+</sup>TIE2<sup>–</sup>VEGFR1<sup>–</sup> и CD45<sup>+</sup>CD34<sup>–</sup>CD133<sup>+</sup>TIE2<sup>+</sup>VEGFR1<sup>+</sup> ассоциировано с гематогенным метастазированием.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>spleen</kwd><kwd>carcinomas</kwd><kwd>hematogenous metastasis</kwd><kwd>hematopoietic stem cells</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>селезёнка</kwd><kwd>карциномы</kwd><kwd>гематогенное метастазирование</kwd><kwd>клетки-предшественники гемопоэза</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Russian Foundation for Basic Research</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский научный фонд</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>23-15-00135</award-id></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wu C, Ning H, Liu M, Lin J, Luo S, Zhu W, Xu J, Wu WC, Liang J, Shao CK, Ren J, Wei B, Cui J, Chen MS, Zheng L. 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