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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Kazan medical journal</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Kazan medical journal</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Казанский медицинский журнал</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0368-4814</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2587-9359</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">625374</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/KMJ625374</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Theoretical and clinical medicine</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Теоретическая и клиническая медицина</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Comorbidity of chronic heart failure of ischemic etiology and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: 5-year follow-up</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Коморбидность хронической сердечной недостаточности ишемической этиологии и хронической обструктивной болезни лёгких: 5-летнее наблюдение</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8050-2892</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">57205153574</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">O-2336-2016</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7013-4320</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Khazova</surname><given-names>Elena V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хазова</surname><given-names>Елена Владимировна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Assoc. Prof., Depart. of Propaedeutics of Internal Diseases named after professor S.S. Zimnitsky; Research, UNIL “New Professional Competences in Health Preservation”, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, доц., каф. пропедевтики внутренних болезней им. профессора С.С. Зимницкого; науч. сотр., УНИЛ «Новые профессиональные компетенции по здоровьесбережению», Институт фундаментальной медицины и биологии</p></bio><email>hazova_elena@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7228-5848</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">6507198087</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4211-2171</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Boulashova</surname><given-names>Olga V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Булашова</surname><given-names>Ольга Васильевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Prof., Depart. of Propaedeutics of Internal Diseases named after professor S.S. Zimnitsky</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>докт. мед. наук, проф., каф. пропедевтики внутренних болезней им. профессора С.С. Зимницкого</p></bio><email>boulashova@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5601-8360</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">57205151947</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3536-5749</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Iakubova</surname><given-names>Violetta M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Якубова</surname><given-names>Виолетта Маратовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Assistant, Depart. of Propaedeutics of Internal Diseases named after professor S.S. Zimnitsky; Cardiologist, Depart. of Cardiology No. 4</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, асс., каф. пропедевтики внутренних болезней им. профессора С.С. Зимницкого; врач-кардиолог, отд. кардиологии №4</p></bio><email>sunny.gazizyanova@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1368-2915</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8089-4319</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Malkova</surname><given-names>Maria I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Малкова</surname><given-names>Мария Игоревна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Med.), Assistant, Depart. of Propaedeutics of Internal Diseases named after professor S.S. Zimnitsky; Head of Depart., Depart. of Functional Diagnostics</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, асс., каф. пропедевтики внутренних болезней им. профессора С.С. Зимницкого; зав. отд., отд. функциональной диагностики №4</p></bio><email>marimalk@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Kazan State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Казанский государственный медицинский университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Казанский (Приволжский) федеральный университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">City Clinical Hospital No. 7 named after M.N. Sadykov</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Городская клиническая больница №7 им. М.Н. Садыкова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-07-25" publication-format="electronic"><day>25</day><month>07</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>105</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>567</fpage><lpage>577</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-12-28"><day>28</day><month>12</month><year>2023</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2024-03-25"><day>25</day><month>03</month><year>2024</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2027-07-25"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://kazanmedjournal.ru/kazanmedj/article/view/625374">https://kazanmedjournal.ru/kazanmedj/article/view/625374</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>BACKGROUND: </bold>The combination of chronic heart failure and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease contributes to the formation of the phenotype and survival of patients.</p> <p><bold>AIM:</bold> To study the 5-year prognosis and develop a prognostic model of adverse events in patients with chronic heart failure of ischemic origin in comorbidity with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.</p> <p><bold>MATERIAL AND METHODS: </bold>Clinical signs of patients with chronic heart failure of ischemic origin (n=517), including those in combination with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (n=118), and outcomes over 5 years according to end points: death from all causes, cardiovascular death, composite endpoint — all fatal and non-fatal cardiovascular events, were studied. Quantitative variables were presented as mean and standard deviation or median and interquartile range; categorical — in the form of absolute value and percentage. Quantitative intergroup differences were assessed using the Mann–Whitney test, and categorical differences were assessed using the Pearson χ<sup>2</sup> test. Time to event was analyzed using the Kaplan–Meier method; hazard ratio — by Cox regression. Models were developed using binary logistic regression. Statistical processing was carried out in the Jamovi, R 4.3.1 programs.</p> <p><bold>RESULTS: </bold>The clinical portrait of a patient with chronic heart failure of ischemic origin in the presence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease was characterized by a predominance of men in older age groups, a high frequency of smoking, a worse quality of life, determined by the Minnesota Questionnaire, and a high level of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, α<sub>1</sub>- and α<sub>2</sub>-globulins. Patients with heart failure in the presence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease had higher overall and cardiovascular mortality (p=0.029 and p=0.02), the frequency of hospitalizations not related to cardiovascular disease (p=0.02), less non-fatal cardiovascular events (p=0.04).</p> <p><bold>CONCLUSION:</bold> In patients with heart failure, the presence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease increased the risk of death from all causes by 2.07 times, cardiovascular mortality by 2.24 times, and achieving the combined endpoint by 1.68 times. Regression models were developed to determine the probability of risk of death from all causes and cardiovascular death.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Актуальность. </bold>Сочетание хронической сердечной недостаточности и хронической обструктивной болезни лёгких вносит вклад в формирование фенотипа и выживаемость пациентов.</p> <p><bold>Цель.</bold> Исследовать 5-летний прогноз и разработать прогностическую модель неблагоприятных событий у пациентов с хронической сердечной недостаточностью ишемического генеза в коморбидности с хронической обструктивной болезнью лёгких.</p> <p><bold>Материал и методы.</bold> Изучены клинические признаки пациентов с хронической сердечной недостаточностью ишемического генеза (n=517), в том числе в сочетании с хронической обструктивной болезнью лёгких (n=118), и исходы в течение 5 лет по конечным точкам: смерть от всех причин, сердечно-сосудистая смерть, комбинированная конечная точка — все смертельные и несмертельные сердечно-сосудистые события. Количественные переменные представлены в виде среднего значения и стандартного отклонения либо медианы и межквартильного диапазона; категориальные — в виде абсолютного значения и процента. Количественные межгрупповые различия оценивали тестом Манна–Уитни, категориальные — критерием χ<sup>2</sup> Пирсона. Время до наступления события анализировали методом Каплана–Мейера; отношение рисков — регрессией Кокса. Разработаны модели методом бинарной логистической регрессии. Статистическая обработка проведена в программах Jamovi, R 4.3.1.</p> <p><bold>Результаты. </bold>Клинический портрет пациента с хронической сердечной недостаточностью ишемического генеза при наличии хронической обструктивной болезни лёгких характеризовался преобладанием мужчин старших возрастных групп, высокой частотой курения, худшим качеством жизни, определяемым по Миннесотскому опроснику, большим уровнем высокочувствительного С-реактивного белка, α<sub>1</sub>- и α<sub>2</sub>-глобулинов. У пациентов с сердечной недостаточностью при наличии хронической обструктивной болезни лёгких были выше общая и сердечно-сосудистая смертность (р=0,029 и р=0,02), частота госпитализаций, не связанных с сердечно-сосудистым заболеванием (р=0,02), реже несмертельные сердечно-сосудистые события (р=0,04).</p> <p><bold>Вывод. </bold>У пациентов с сердечной недостаточностью наличие хронической обструктивной болезни лёгких повышало риск смерти от всех причин в 2,07 раза, сердечно-сосудистой смертности — в 2,24 раза, достижения комбинированной конечной точки — в 1,68 раза; разработаны регрессионные модели для определения вероятности риска смерти от всех причин и сердечно-сосудистой смерти.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>chronic heart failure</kwd><kwd>chronic obstructive pulmonary disease</kwd><kwd>prognosis</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>хроническая сердечная недостаточность</kwd><kwd>хроническая обструктивная болезнь лёгких</kwd><kwd>прогноз</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mareev VYu, Fomin IV, Ageev FT, Begrambekova YuL, Vasyuk YuA, Garganeeva AA, Gendlin GE, Glezer MG, Gautier SV, Dovzhenko TV, Kobalava ZD, Koziolova NA, Koroteev AV, Mareev YuV, Ovchinnikov AG, Perepech NB, Tarlovskaya EI, Chesnikova AI, Shevchenko AO, Arutyunov GP, Belenkov YuN, Galyavich AS, Gilyarevsky SR, Drapkina OM, Duplyakov DV, Lopatin YuM, Sitnikova MYu, Skibitsky VV, Shlyakhto EV; Russian Heart Failure Society, Russian Society of Cardiology. 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