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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Kazan medical journal</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Kazan medical journal</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Казанский медицинский журнал</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0368-4814</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2587-9359</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">59628</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/KMJ2022-221</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Epidemiological surveillance of surgical site infections in large joint replacement</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Эпидемиологический надзор за инфекциями области хирургического вмешательства при эндопротезировании крупных суставов</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7289-3037</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5183-5140</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bulycheva</surname><given-names>Irina A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Булычева</surname><given-names>Ирина Алексеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Assistant, Depart. of Epidemiology and Evidence-based Medicine; Epidemiologist, Kazan Outpatient Clinic No. 21</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>асс., каф. эпидемиологии и доказательной медицины; врач-эпидемиолог ГАУЗ «Городская поликлиника №21» г. Казани</p></bio><email>Irishe4ka_94@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3004-0412</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kondratieva</surname><given-names>Ksenija A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кондратьева</surname><given-names>Ксения Алексеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Resident, Depart. of Hospital Pediatrics</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>орд., каф. госпитальной педиатрии</p></bio><email>kseenia97@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2217-7352</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Yakupova</surname><given-names>Gulnara R.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Якупова</surname><given-names>Гульнара Расимовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Resident, Depart. of Preventive Medicine</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>орд., каф. профилактической медицины</p></bio><email>gulnarochka_97@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4482-6050</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5262-1969</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lokotkova</surname><given-names>Alla I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Локоткова</surname><given-names>Алла Ильинична</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Med.), Assoc. Prof., Depart. of Epidemiology and Evidence-based Medicine</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p> канд. мед. наук., доц., каф. эпидемиологии и доказательной медицины</p></bio><email>Allalok12@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3781-8629</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mamkeev</surname><given-names>Eldar Kh.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мамкеев</surname><given-names>Эльдар Хамзяевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Med.), Assoc. Prof., Depart. of Epidemiology and Disinfectology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук., доц., каф. эпидемиологии и дезинфектологии</p></bio><email>mamkeevv@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2462-3005</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mazitov</surname><given-names>Marat R.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мазитов</surname><given-names>Марат Рафаэлевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Assistant, Depart. of General Hygiene; Deputy Chief Physician for Medical Affairs</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>асс., каф. общей гигиены; зам. главного врача по медицинской части</p></bio><email>marat.mazitov@tatar.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Kazan State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Казанский государственный медицинский университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">City Polyclinic No. 21</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Городская поликлиника №21</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Kazan State Medical Academy — Branch Campus of Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Казанская государственная медицинская академия — филиал Российской медицинской академии последипломного образования</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2022-04-12" publication-format="electronic"><day>12</day><month>04</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>103</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>221</fpage><lpage>229</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2021-01-28"><day>28</day><month>01</month><year>2021</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2022-02-02"><day>02</day><month>02</month><year>2022</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2022, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2022, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2025-04-12"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://kazanmedjournal.ru/kazanmedj/article/view/59628">https://kazanmedjournal.ru/kazanmedj/article/view/59628</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Joint replacement is a reliable and effective surgery that allows profound pain relief and restores joint function in patients. Despite the progress made and the experience gained in joint replacement, surgical site infection is one of the leading postoperative complications. It can proceed as a periprosthetic joint infection, osteomyelitis, sepsis and lead to disabled or dead outcomes. Systematization of risk factors for infectious complications plays an important role as an element of epidemiological surveillance system optimization. Age, the presence of concomitant diseases (for example, diabetes mellitus, cancer, arthritis and systemic collagenosis), carriage of antimicrobial-resistant microorganisms, infectious and inflammation both outside and in the area of surgery, and external factors (surgery duration, correct antibiotic prophylaxis and surgeon's experience) are the most significant risk factors for periprosthetic joint infection. In world practice, the National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance System surgical site infection risk index is used. This criterion does not consider all potential risk factors. It is important to analyze and rank the identified risk factors according to the impact on the development of infectious complications in organizing an epidemiological surveillance system process in a medical organization. Risk factors analysis will identify the most significant modifiable factors for the development, implementation and execution of organizational, preventive measures and epidemic control. The creation and implementation of a standardized preoperative protocol based on a risk factors assessment will allow predicting the surgery outcome and arguing the strategy and tactic of preventive measures.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Эндопротезирование — надёжная и эффективная операция, позволяющая купировать болевой синдром и восстановить функцию суставов у пациентов. Несмотря на достигнутый прогресс и накопленный опыт в области эндопротезирования суставов, одним из ведущих осложнений послеоперационного периода бывают инфекции области хирургического вмешательства. Они могут протекать как перипротезная инфекция, остеомиелит, сепсис и приводить к инвалидизации пациента или летальному исходу. Немаловажную роль играет систематизация факторов риска развития инфекционных осложнений как элемент оптимизации системы эпидемиологического надзора. Наиболее значимые факторы риска развития перипротезной инфекции — возраст, наличие сопутствующих заболеваний (например, сахарный диабет, онкологические заболевания, артриты и системные коллагенозы), носительство резистентных к антимикробным препаратам микроорганизмов, наличие инфекционно-воспалительного процесса как вне, так и в области оперативного вмешательства, а также внешние факторы (длительность оперативного вмешательства, проведение корректной антибиотикопрофилактики и опыт хирурга, выполняющего оперативное вмешательство). В мировой практике используют расчёт индекса риска инфекционных осложнений в области операции NNIS (от англ. National Nosocomial Infection Surveillance System). Данный критерий не учитывает всех потенциальных факторов риска. При организации системы эпидемиологического надзора в медицинской организации важно провести анализ и ранжирование выявленных факторов риска по степени влияния на развитие инфекционных осложнений. Это позволит выявить наиболее значимые модифицируемые факторы для разработки, внедрения и проведения организационных, профилактических и противоэпидемических мероприятий. Создание и внедрение стандартизированного предоперационного протокола, основанного на оценке факторов риска, позволит прогнозировать результат оперативного вмешательства и аргументировать стратегию и тактику профилактических мероприятий.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>risk factors</kwd><kwd>joint replacement</kwd><kwd>prosthetic joint infection</kwd><kwd>surgical site infection</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>факторы риска</kwd><kwd>эндопротезирование</kwd><kwd>перипротезная инфекция</kwd><kwd>инфекция области ­хирургического вмешательства</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Kurtz S, Ong K, Lau E, Mowat F, Halpern M. 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