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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Kazan medical journal</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Kazan medical journal</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Казанский медицинский журнал</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0368-4814</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2587-9359</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">58050</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/KMJ2021-216</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Distension methods of surgical correction of hypospadias in boys</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Дистензионные методы хирургической коррекции гипоспадии у мальчиков</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6076-0181</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9243-3624</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Akramov</surname><given-names>Nail R</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Акрамов</surname><given-names>Наиль Рамилович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>aknail@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3957-1615</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7936-8722</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kagantsov</surname><given-names>Ilya M</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Каганцов</surname><given-names>Илья Маркович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>ilkagan@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8776-0325</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">57214080178</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4434-5214</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Khaertdinov</surname><given-names>Elmir I</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хаертдинов</surname><given-names>Эльмир Ильшатович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>khelmir@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Kazan State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Казанский государственный медицинский университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Republican Clinical Hospital</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Республиканская клиническая больница</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Perinatology and Pediatrics, Almazov National Medical Research Centre</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт перинатологии и педиатрии, Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр им. В.А. Алмазова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Syktyvkar State University named after Pitirim Sorokin</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Сыктывкарский государственный университет им. Питирима Сорокина</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff5"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Children's Republican Clinical Hospital of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Tatarstan</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Детская республиканская клиническая больница</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2021-04-06" publication-format="electronic"><day>06</day><month>04</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>102</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>216</fpage><lpage>227</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2021-01-11"><day>11</day><month>01</month><year>2021</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2021-03-02"><day>02</day><month>03</month><year>2021</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2021, Akramov N.R., Kagantsov I.M., Khaertdinov E.I.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2021, Акрамов Н.Р., Каганцов И.М., Хаертдинов Э.И.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Akramov N.R., Kagantsov I.M., Khaertdinov E.I.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Акрамов Н.Р., Каганцов И.М., Хаертдинов Э.И.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2024-04-06"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://kazanmedjournal.ru/kazanmedj/article/view/58050">https://kazanmedjournal.ru/kazanmedj/article/view/58050</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Difficulties in the treatment of hypospadias in boys persist to this day. After surgical correction of hypospadias, fistulas, strictures, urethral diverticula, retraction of the meatus, glans dehiscence and other complications occur. At the same time, it is quite difficult to understand the whole variety of proposed methods for correcting hypospadias, which creates confusion for specialists and negatively affects the results of treatment. The literature describes more than 300 different methods of correcting hypospadias, but none of the methods is perfect, and there are no generally accepted treatment standards. Despite this, it is an established fact that the choice of the surgery procedure depends on the type of hypospadias. A successful technique of hypospadias repair should be completed with a good cosmetic and functional result. The article presents an overview of the distension techniques of urethroplasty. For the first time, the experience of urethral advancement was presented at the end of the XIX century, but the technique was unpopular and did not have significant success. However, by the end of the XX century, more effective distension techniques of urethroplasty began to be developed, which were widely used around the world (Koff S.A., Ti-Seng Chang, Belman A.B., MAGPI, LUM, etc.). According to scientific literature, urethral advancement is a safe and reliable way to correct distal hypospadias, and it is considered as an alternative to creating a “neourethra”. This technique has many competitive advantages, such as the short operation time, the absence of urethral tubularization, excellent functional and cosmetic results, and a small number of complications. It, therefore, follows that distension techniques of urethroplasty are considered a good option for correcting distal hypospadias, which should be in the arsenal of every pediatric surgeon and urologist.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Трудности в лечении гипоспадии у мальчиков сохраняются до настоящего времени. После хирургической коррекции гипоспадии встречаются свищи, стриктуры, дивертикулы уретры, ретракция меатуса, расхождение крыльев головки полового члена и другие осложнения. При этом достаточно сложно разобраться во всём многообразии предложенных методик коррекции гипоспадии, что создаёт путаницу для специалистов и негативно сказывается на результатах лечения. В литературе описано более 300 различных методик коррекции гипоспадии, однако ни один из способов нельзя назвать идеальным, и не существует общепринятых стандартов лечения. Несмотря на это обстоятельство, установленным фактом признана зависимость выбора способа операции от формы гипоспадии. Успешная техника оперативного лечения гипоспадии должна завершаться хорошим косметическим и функциональным результатом. В статье представлен обзор дистензионных методик уретропластики. Впервые опыт перемещающей уретропластики был освещён ещё в конце XIX века, но методика была непопулярна и не имела значимого успеха. Однако к концу XX века начали разрабатывать более эффективные дистензионные методики уретропластики, которые получили широкое распространение по всему миру (Koff S.A., Ti-Seng Chang, Belman A.B., MAGPI, LUM et al.). По данным научной литературы, перемещающая уретропластика служит безопасным и надёжным способом коррекции дистальных форм гипоспадии, и её рассматривают как альтернативу созданию «неоуретры». У данной методики много конкурентных преимуществ, таких как небольшая длительность операции, отсутствие тубуляризации уретры, отличные функциональные и косметические результаты и малое количество осложнений. Из этого следует, что дистензионные методики уретропластики — вариант коррекции дистальных форм гипоспадии, который должен быть в арсенале каждого детского хирурга и уролога.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>hypospadias</kwd><kwd>boys</kwd><kwd>literature review</kwd><kwd>advancement urethroplasty</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>гипоспадия</kwd><kwd>мальчики</kwd><kwd>обзор литературы</kwd><kwd>перемещающая уретропластика</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Bouty A., Ayers K.L., Pask A., Heloury Y., Sinclair A.H. The genetic and environmental factors underlying hypospadias. Sex. Dev. 2015; 9 (5): 239–259. DOI: 10.1159/000441988.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Keays M.A., Dave S. Current hypospadias manage­ment: Diagnosis, surgical management, and long-term patient-centred outcomes. Can. Urol. Assoc. 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