Kazan medical journalKazan medical journal0368-48142587-9359Eco-Vector5752110.17816/kazmj57521Research ArticleTo the question of combined heart defectsNepryakhinG. G.<p>Assistant</p>info@eco-vector.comPathological and Anatomical Institute of Kazan University100319262232902960601202106012021Copyright © 2021, Nepryakhin G.G.2021<p>Organic valvular defects of the right heart are rare: simultaneous bicuspid and tricuspid defect is already a rare combination; even more rare, apparently, combined defects of the bicuspid, tricuspid and aortic valves. In most well-known manuals on pathological anatomy, such complex combinations are most often silent, in the rest of the literature, such cases are either not mentioned at all, or only a few words are reported. for example, Mac Callum (Journ. of Am. Med. Ass., t. 84, no. 21, 1925) says: At a recent autopsy I found a greatly enlarged heart, tricuspid, bicuspid and aortic stenosis and insufficiency, scarring in myocardium and only old remnants of a specific rheumatic lesion. "</p>Kazan Medical archiveКазанский медицинский архив