<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Kazan medical journal</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Kazan medical journal</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Казанский медицинский журнал</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0368-4814</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2587-9359</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">57047</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/KMJ2022-79</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">High-density lipoprotein cholesterol — friend or enemy?</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Холестерин липопротеинов высокой плотности — друг или враг?</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0888-2955</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Murzakhanova</surname><given-names>Adela F</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мурзаханова</surname><given-names>Аделя Фанисовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>stud.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>студ.</p></bio><email>murzakhanova80@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Oslopov</surname><given-names>Vladimir N</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ослопов</surname><given-names>Владимир Николаевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, D.Sc. (Med.), Prof., Depart. of propaedeutics of internal diseases named after Prof. S.S. Zimnitsky</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>докт. мед. наук, проф., каф. пропедевтики внутренних болезней им. проф. С.С. Зимницкого</p></bio><email>voslopov1845@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2942-6174</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sergienko</surname><given-names>Konstantin  S</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сергиенко</surname><given-names>Константин Станиславович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>stud.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>студ.</p></bio><email>kostya_s99@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8050-2892</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Khazova</surname><given-names>Elena V</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хазова</surname><given-names>Елена Владимировна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand.Sci. (Med.), Assoc. Prof., Depart. of propaedeutics of internal diseases named ­after Prof. S.S. Zimnitsky</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, доц., каф. пропедевтики внутренних болезней им. проф. С.С. Зимницкого</p></bio><email>hazova_elena@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9752-8703</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Oslopova</surname><given-names>Julia V</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ослопова</surname><given-names>Юлия Владимировна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand.Sci. (Med.), Assoc. Prof., Depart. of the Fundamentals of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, доц., каф. фундаментальных основ клинической медицины, Институт фундаментальной медицины и биологии</p></bio><email>oslopovajul@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Kazan State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Казанский государственный медицинский университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Казанский (Приволжский) федеральный университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2022-02-07" publication-format="electronic"><day>07</day><month>02</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>103</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>79</fpage><lpage>88</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2020-12-27"><day>27</day><month>12</month><year>2020</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2021-11-24"><day>24</day><month>11</month><year>2021</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2022, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2022, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2025-02-07"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://kazanmedjournal.ru/kazanmedj/article/view/57047">https://kazanmedjournal.ru/kazanmedj/article/view/57047</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article provides a review of the literature on the effect of excess and deficiency of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol on the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular pathology. Information about high-density lipoproteins structure, function, antiatherogenic role and the prospect of using various high-density lipoproteins subclasses in the pharmacotherapy of dyslipidemic conditions are also described. It is proven that a lowered level of such cholesterol is a predictor of cardiovascular disease. At the same time, many observations confirm the correlation between elevated high-density lipoprotein levels and mortality from myocardial infarction and other acute cardiovascular conditions. In large studies, the use of cholesterol ester transfer protein inhibitors and other drugs increased the level of high-density lipoprotein, but the unreduced risk of cardiovascular disease confirms the lack of positive results from the use as a therapeutic target. In addition, it was found that the composition of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol protein differs in healthy and diseased people: it becomes “dysfunctional”, losing its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties in diseased individuals. The atheroprotective activity of properly functioning high-density lipoprotein cholesterol is often impaired in clinical situations associated with oxidative stress. In these cases, high-density lipoproteins can have some changes, and even if the quantity is within the normal range, the quality is no longer the same. Thus, it is necessary to identify a better therapeutic target than high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, as there is currently insufficient clinical trial data to recommend targeted high-density lipoprotein therapy.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В статье представлен обзор литературы по влиянию избытка и недостатка холестерина липопротеинов высокой плотности на профилактику и лечение сердечно-сосудистой патологии. Также описаны сведения о структуре, функции липопротеинов высокой плотности, их антиатерогенной роли и перспективе использования их различных подклассов в фармакотерапии дислипидемических состояний. Доказано, что пониженный уровень такого холестерина — предиктор сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний. В то же время многие наблюдения подтверждают корреляцию между повышенным уровнем липопротеинов высокой плотности и смертностью от инфаркта миокарда и других острых сердечно-сосудистых состояний. В крупных исследованиях с использованием ингибиторов белка-переносчика сложного эфира холестерина и других препаратов удалось повысить уровень данного липопротеина, но это не снизило риск сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний, что в свою очередь подтверждает отсутствие положительных результатов от их использования как терапевтической мишени. Кроме того, установлено, что состав белка холестерина липопротеинов высокой плотности у здоровых и больных различается: у последних он становится «дисфункциональным», теряющим свои антиоксидантные и противовоспалительные свойства. Атеропротективная активность правильно функционирующего холестерина липопротеинов высокой плотности часто нарушается в клинических ситуациях, связанных с окислительным стрессом. В этих случаях он может претерпевать некоторые изменения, и даже если его количество находится в пределах нормы, его качество уже не то. Таким образом, необходим поиск лучшей терапевтической мишени, чем уровень холестерина липопротеинов высокой плотности, так как в настоящее время данных клинических испытаний недостаточно, чтобы рекомендовать таргетную терапию липопротеинами высокой плотности.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>cholesterol</kwd><kwd>high density lipoproteins</kwd><kwd>low density lipoproteins</kwd><kwd>atherosclerosis</kwd><kwd>myocardial infarction</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>холестерин</kwd><kwd>липопротеины высокой плотности</kwd><kwd>липопротеины низкой плотности</kwd><kwd>атеросклероз</kwd><kwd>инфаркт миокарда</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Birner-Gruenberger R, Schittmayer M, Holzer M, Marsche G. Understanding high-density lipoprotein function in disease: recent advances in proteomics unravel the complexity of its composition and biology. Prog Lipid Res. 2014;56:36–46. DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2014.07.003.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Garcia-Rios A, Nikolic D, Perez-Martinez P, Lopez-Miranda J, Rizzo M, Hoogeveen RC. LDL and HDL subfractions, dysfunctional HDL: treatment options. Curr Pharm Des. 2014;20(40):6249–6255. DOI: 10.2174/1381612820666140620154014.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>Nessler K, Windak A, Grzybczak R, Nessler MB, Si­niarski A, Gajos G. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol — more complicated than we think? Ann Agric Environ Med. 2018;25(3):517–526. DOI: 10.26444/aaem/92350.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><mixed-citation>Toth PP, Barter PJ, Rosenson RS, Boden WE, Chapman MJ, Cuchel M, D'Agostino SrRB, Davidson MH, Davidson WS, Heinecke JW, Karas RH, Kontush A, Krauss RM, Rader DJ. High-density lipoproteins: a consensus statement from the National Lipid Association. J Clin Lipidol. 2013;7(5):484–525. DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2013.08.001.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><mixed-citation>Annema W, von Eckardstein A. High-density lipoproteins. Multifunctional but vulnerable protections from athe­rosclerosis. Circ J. 2013;77(10):2432–2448. DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-13-1025.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><mixed-citation>Xiao C, Dash S, Morgantini C. Pharmacological targe­ting of the atherogenic dyslipidemia complex: The next frontier in CVD prevention beyond lowering LDL choleste­rol. ­Diabetes. 2016;65(7):1767–1778. DOI: 10.2337/db16-0046.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><mixed-citation>Ference BA, Ginsberg HN, Graham I, Ray KK, Packard CJ, Bruckert E, Hegele RA, Krauss RM, Raal FJ, Schunkert H, Watts GF, Boren J, Fazio S, Horton JD, Masana L, Nicholls SJ, Nordestgaard BG, Sluis B, Taskinen M-R, Tokgözoglu L, Landmesser U, Laufs U, Wiklund O, Stock JK, Chapman MJ, Catapano AL. Low-density lipoproteins cause atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Evidence from gene­tic, epidemiologic, and clinical studies. A consensus statement from the European Atherosclerosis Society Consensus Panel. Eur Heart J. 2017;38:2459–2472. DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehx144.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><mixed-citation>Ference BA, Yoo W, Alesh I, Mahajan N, Mirowska KK, Mewada A, Kahn J, Afonso L, Williams SrKA, Flack JM. Effect of long-term exposure to lower low-density lipoprotein cholesterol beginning early in life on the risk of coronary heart disease: a Mendelian randomization ana­lysis. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2012;60:2631–2639. DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2012.09.017.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><mixed-citation>Krychtiuk KA, Kastl SP, Pfaffenberger S, Pongratz T, Hofbauer SL, Wonnerth A, Katsaros KM, Goliasch G, Gaspar L, Huber K, Maurer G, Dostal E, Oravec S, Wojta J, ­Speidl WS. Small high-density lipoprotein is associa­ted with monocyte subsets in stable coronary artery di­sease. Athe­rosclerosis. 2014;237(2):589–596. DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2014.10.015.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Koshelskaya OA, Suslova TE, Kologrivova IV, Margolis NY, Zhuravleva OA, Kharitonova OA, Vinnitskaya IV. Meta­bolic, inflammatory and ima­ging biomarkers in evaluation of coronary arteries anato­mical stenosis in patients with stable coronary artery disease. Rational pharmacotherapy in cardiology. 2020;16(1):4–9. (In Russ.) DOI: 10.20996/1819-6446-2020-01-01.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кошельская О.А., Суслова Т.Е., Кологривова И.В., Марголис Н.Ю., Журавлёва О.А., Харитонова О.А., Винницкая И.В. Метаболические, воспалительные и визуальные биомаркёры в оценке анатомического стеноза коронарных артерий у пациентов со стабильной ишемической болезнью сердца. Рациональная фармакотерапия в кардиологии. 2020;16(1):4–9. DOI: 10.20996/1819-6446-2020-01-01.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><mixed-citation>Holmes MV, Asselbergs FW, Palmer TM, Drenos F, Lanktree MB, Nelson CP, Dale CE, Padmanabhan S, Finan C, Swerdlow DI, Tragante V, Iperen EP, Sivapalaratnam S, Shah S, Elbers CC, Shah T, Engmann J, Giambartolomei C, White J, Zabaneh D, Sofat R, McLachlan S, UCLEB consortium; Doevendans PA, Balmforth AJ, Hall AS, North KE, Almoguera B, Hoogeveen RC, Cushman M, Fornage M, Patel SR, Redline S, Siscovick DS, Tsai MY, Karczewski KJ, Hofker MH, Verschuren WM, Bots ML, Schouw YT, Melander O, Dominiczak AF, Morris R, Ben-Shlomo Y, Price J, Kumari M, Baumert J, Peters A, Thorand B, Koenig W, Gaunt TR, Humphries SE, Clarke R, Watkins H, Farrall M, Wilson JG, Rich SS, Bakker PI, Lange LA, Smith GD, Reiner AP, Talmud PJ, Kivimäki M, Lawlor DA, Dudbridge F, Samani NJ, Kea­ting BJ, Hingorani AD, Casas JP. Mendelian randomization of blood lipids for coronary heart disease. Eur Heart J. 2015;36(9):539–550. DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/eht571.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><mixed-citation>Dennis TK, David AА, Helen G., Maria K, Geoffrey L, Peter CA, Gillian LB, William H, Cynthia AJ, Douglas SL, Harindra CW, John TW, Jack VT. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol and cause-specific mortality in individuals without previous cardiovascular conditions. The CANHEART Study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2016;68(19):2073–2083. DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2016.08.038.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><mixed-citation>Gozhenko AI, Kovalevskaya LA, Kotyuzhinskaya SG, Vasyuk VL, Zukow W. Atherosclerosis: new achievements and failures. Journal of Health Sciences. 2014;04(04):101–114. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10763.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><mixed-citation>Voight BF, Peloso GM, Orho-Melander M, Frikke-Schmidt R, Barbalic M, Jensen MK, Hindy G, Hólm H, Ding EL, Johnson T, Schunkert H, Samani NJ, Clarke R, Hopewell JC, Thompson JF, Li M, Thorleifsson G, Newton-Cheh C, Musunuru K, Pirruccello JP, Saleheen D, Chen L, Stewart AF, Schillert A, Thorsteinsdottir U, Thorgeirsson G, Anand S, Engert JC, Morgan T, Spertus J, Stoll M, Berger K, Martinelli N, Girelli D, Mc­Keown PP, Patterson CC, Epstein SE, Devaney J, Burnett M, Mooser V, Ripatti S, Surakka I, Nieminen MS, Sinisalo J, Lokki M, Perola M, Havulinna A, Faire U, Gigante B, Ingelsson E, Zeller T, Wild P, Bakker P, Klungel OH, Maitland-van der Zee A, Peters B, Boer A, Grobbee DE, Kamphuisen PW, Deneer V, Elbers CC, Onland-Moret NC, Hofker MH, Wijmenga C, Verschuren W, Boer J, Schouw Y, Rasheed A, Frossard P, Demissie S, Wil­ler C, Do R, Ordovas JM, Abecasis GR, Boehnke M, Mohlke KL, Daly MJ, Guiducci C, Burtt NP, Surti A, Gonzalez E, Purcell S, Gabriel S, Marrugat J, Peden J, Erdmann J, Die­mert P, Willenborg C, König IR, Fischer MR, Hengstenberg C, Ziegler A, Buysschaert I, Lambrechts D, Van de Werf F, Fox KA, Eddine El, Mokhtari N, Rubin D, Schrezenmeir J, Schreiber S, Schäfer A, Danesh J, Blankenberg S, Roberts R, McPherson R, Watkins H, Hall AS, Overvad K, Rimm E, Boerwinkle E, Tybjaerg-Hansen A, Cupples LA, Reilly MP, Melan­der O, Mannucci PM, Ardissino D, Siscovick D, Elosua R, Stefansson K, O'Donnell CJ, Salomaa V, Rader DJ, Peltonen L, Schwartz SM, Altshu­ler D, Kathiresan S. Plasma HDL cholesterol and risk of myocardial infarction: a mendelian randomisation study. Lancet. 2012;380(9841):572–580. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60312-2.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><mixed-citation>Boekholdt SM, Arsenault BJ, Hovingh GK, Mora S, Pedersen TR, Larosa JC, Welch K, Amarenco P, Demicco DA, Tonkin AM, Sullivan DR, Kirby A, Colhoun HM, Hitman GA, Betteridge DJ, Durrington PN, Clearfield MB, Downs JR, Gotto AMJr, Ridker PM, Kastelein JJ. Levels and changes of HDL cholesterol and apolipoprotein A-I in relation to risk of cardiovascular events among statin-treated patients: a meta-analysis. Circulation. 2013;128(14):1504–1512. DOI: CIRCULATIONAHA.113.002670.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><mixed-citation>Nichols M, Townsend N, Scarborough P, Rayner M. Cardiovascular disease in Europe: epidemiological update. Eur Heart J. 2013;34(39):3028–3034. DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/eht356.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><mixed-citation>HPS2-THRIVE Collaborative Group, Landray MJ, Haynes R, Hopewell JC, Parish S, Aung T, Tomson J, Wallendszus K, Craig M, Jiang L, Collins R, Armitage J. Effects of extended-release niacin with laropiprant in high-risk patients. N Engl J Med. 2014;371(3):203–212. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1300955.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><mixed-citation>HPS2-THRIVE Collaborative Group. HPS2-THRIVE randomized placebo-controlled trial in 25 673 high-risk patients of ER niacin/laropiprant: trial design, pre-specified muscle and liver outcomes, and reasons for stopping study treatment. Eur Heart J. 2013;34(17):1279–1291. DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/eht055.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B19"><label>19.</label><mixed-citation>Mooradian AD, Haas MJ. Targeting high-density lipoproteins: increasing de novo production versus decrea­sing clearance. Drugs. 2015;75(7):713–722. DOI: 10.1007/s40265-015-0390-1.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B20"><label>20.</label><mixed-citation>Schwartz GG, Olsson AG, Abt M., Ballantyne CM, Barter PJ, Brumm J, Chaitman BR, Holme IM, Kal­lend D, Leiter LA, Leitersdorf E, McMurray JJ, Mundl H, ­Nicholls SJ, Shah PK, Tardif J, Wright RS, dal-­OUTCOMES Investigators. Effects of dalcetrapib in patients with a recent acute coronary syndrome. N Engl J Med. 2012;367:2089–2099. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1206797.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B21"><label>21.</label><mixed-citation>Keene D, Price C, Shun-Shin MJ, Francis DP. Effect on cardiovascular risk of high density lipoprotein targeted drug treatments niacin, fibrates, and CETP inhibitors: meta-ana­lysis of randomised controlled trials including 117,411 patients. BMJ. 2014;349:g4379. DOI: 10.1136/bmj.g4379.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B22"><label>22.</label><mixed-citation>Tardif JC, Ballantyne CM, Barter P, Dasseux J, Fayad ZA, Guertin M, Kastelein JJ, Keyserling C, Klepp H, Koenig W, L’Allier PL, Lespe´rance J, Luscher TF, Paolini JF, Tawakol A, Waters DD, for the Can Hdl Infusions Significantly Quicken Atherosclerosis Regression (­CHI-SQUARE) Investigators. Effects of the high-density lipoprotein mime­tic agent CER-001 on coronary atherosclerosis in patients with acute coronary syndromes: a randomized trial. Eur Heart J. 2014;35(46):3277–3286. DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehu171.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B23"><label>23.</label><mixed-citation>Schwartz GG, Olsson AG, Abt M, Ballantyne CM, Barter PJ, Brumm J, Chaitman BR, Holme IM, Kallend D, Leiter LA, Leitersdorf E, McMurray JJ, Mundl H, ­Nicholls SJ, Shah PK, Tardif J, Wright RS, dal-­OUTCOMES Investigators. Effects of dalcetrapib in patients with a recent acute coronary syndrome. N Engl J Med. 2012;367(22):2089–2099. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1206797.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B24"><label>24.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">François M, Baigent C, Catapano AL, Koskinas KC, Casula M, Badimon L, Chapman MJ, Backer GG, Delgado V, Ference BA, Graham JM, Halliday A, Landmes­ser U, Mihaylova B, Pedersen TR, Riccardi G, Richter DJ, Sabatine MS, Taski­nen M, Tokgozoglu L, Wiklund O. 2019 ESC/EAS Guidelines for the management of dyslipidaemias: lipid modification to reduce cardiovascular risk. Russian journal of cardiology. 2020;25(5):121–193. (In Russ.) DOI: 10.15829/1560-4071-2020-3826.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Франкоис М., Баигент Ц., Цатапано A.Л., Коскинас К.Ц., Цасула М., Бадимон Л., Чапман М.Дж., Бацкер Г.Г., Делгадо В., Ференце Б.A., Грахам Дж.М., Халлидей A., Ландмессер У., Михайлова Б., Педерсен Т.Р., Риццарди Г., Ричтер Д.Дж., Сабатине М.С., Таскинен М., Токгозоглу Л., Виклунд О. 2019. Рекомендации ЕSC/EAS по лечению дислипидемий: модификация липидов для снижения сердечно-сосудистого риска. Российский кардиологический журнал. 2020;25(5):121–193. DOI: 10.15829/1560-4071-2020-3826.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B25"><label>25.</label><mixed-citation>Lincoff AM, Nicholls SJ, Riesmeyer JS, Barter PJ, Brewer HB, Fox KA, Gibson CM, Granger C, Menon V, Montalescot G, Rader D, Tall AR, McErlean E, Wolski K, Ruotolo G, Vangerow B, Weerakkody G, Goodman SG, Conde D, McGuire DK, Nicolau JC, Leiva-Pons JL, Pesant Y, Li W, Kandath D, Kouz S, Tahirkheli N, Mason D, Nissen SE, ­ACCELERATE Investigators. Evacetrapib and cardiovascular outcomes in high-risk vascular disease. N Engl J Med. 2017;376(20):1933–1942. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1609581.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B26"><label>26.</label><mixed-citation>Oravec S, Dostal E, Dukát A, Gavorník P, Ku­cera M, Gruber K. HDL subfractions analysis: a new labo­ratory dia­gnostic assay for patients with cardiovascular diseases and dyslipoproteinemia. Neuro Endocrinol Lett. 2011;32(4):502–509. PMID: 21876506.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B27"><label>27.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ozerova IN, Metelskaya VA, Perova NV, Gavrilova NE, Boytsov SA. The application of lipoprint-system for analysis of sub-fractional spectrum of lipoproteins of blood serum. Klinicheskaya laboratornaya diagnostika. 2016;61(5):271–275. (In Russ.) DOI: 10.18821/0869-2084-2016-5-271-275.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Озерова И.Н., Метельская В.А., Перова Н.В., Гаврилова Н.Е., Бойцов С.А. Использование Липопринт-системы для исследования субфракционного спектра липопротеинов сыворотки крови. Клиническая лабораторная диагностика. 2016;61(5):271–275. DOI: 10.18821/0869-2084-2016-5-271-275.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B28"><label>28.</label><mixed-citation>Krychtiuk KA, Kastl SP, Pfaffenberger S, Pongratz T, Hofbauer SL, Wonnerth A, Katsaros KM, Goliasch G, Gaspar L, Huber K, Maurer G, Dostal E, Oravec S, Wojta J, Speidl WS. Small high-density lipoprotein is associated with monocyte subsets in stable coronary artery disease. Atherosclerosis. 2014;237(2):589–596. DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2014.10.015.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B29"><label>29.</label><mixed-citation>DeGoma EM, Rader DJ. High-density lipoprotein particle number: a better measure to quantify high-density lipoprotein? JACC. 2012;60(6):517–520. DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2012.03.058.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B30"><label>30.</label><mixed-citation>Babintseva YD, Camont L, Chapman J, Lhomme M, Karagodin VP, Kontush A, Orekhov AN. The biological activity of high-density lipoprotein fractions and their role in the development of cardiovascular diseases. Ter Arkh. 2016;88(9):111–118. DOI: 10.17116/terarkh2016889111-118.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B31"><label>31.</label><mixed-citation>Pirillo A, Norata GD, Catapano AL. High-density lipoprotein subfractions — what the clinicians need to know. Cardiology. 2013;124(2):116–125. DOI: 10.1159/000346463.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B32"><label>32.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Utkina EA, Afanas`eva OI, Ezhov MV, Artemieva NV, Matchin YuG, Baida SM, Adamova IYu, Pokrovsky S. Association between different lipoprotein subfractions and coronary athe­rosclerosis in middle-aged men on statin therapy. Kardiologicheskiy vestnik. 2014;(1):68–76. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Уткина Е.А., Афанасьева О.И., Ежов М.В., Артемьева Н.В., Матчин Ю.Г., Байда С.М., Адамова И.Ю., Покровский С.Н. Связь различных подфракций липопротеидов с коронарным атеросклерозом у мужчин среднего возраста, получавших терапию статинами. Кардиологический вестник. 2014;(1):68–76.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B33"><label>33.</label><mixed-citation>Wurtz P, Raiko JR, Magnussen CG, Soininen P, Kangas AJ, Tynkkynen T, Thomson R, Laatikainen R, Savolainen MJ, Laurikka J, Kuukasjärvi P, Tarkka M, Karhunen PJ, Jula A, Viikari JS, Kähönen M, Lehtimäki T, Juonala M, Ala-Korpela M, Raitakari OT. High-throughput quantification of circulating metabolites improves prediction of subclinical atherosclerosis. Eur Heart J. 2012;33:2307–2316. DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehs020.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B34"><label>34.</label><mixed-citation>Berger JS, McGinn AP, Howard BV, Kuller L, Manson JE, Otvos J, Curb JD, Eaton CB, Kaplan RC, Lynch JK, Rosenbaum DM, Wassertheil-Smoller S. Lipid and lipoprotein biomarkers and the risk of ischemic stroke in postmenopausal women. Stroke. 2012;43:958–966. DOI: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.111.641324.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B35"><label>35.</label><mixed-citation>Chei CL, Yamagishi K, Kitamura A, Kiyama M, Imano H, Ohira T, Cui R, Tanigawa T, Sankai T, Ishikawa Y, Sato S, Hitsumoto S, Iso H, CIRCS Investigators. High-density lipoprotein subclasses and risk of stroke and its subtypes in Japanese population: The Circulatory Risk in Communities Study. Stroke. 2013;44:327–333. DOI: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.112.674812.</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>
