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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Kazan medical journal</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Kazan medical journal</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Казанский медицинский журнал</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0368-4814</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2587-9359</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">5645</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17750/KMJ2016-925</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Main causes of difficult intubation</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Основные причины трудной интубации</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gorbunov</surname><given-names>S V</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Горбунов</surname><given-names>Сергей Викторович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>anestdima@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bayalieva</surname><given-names>A Zh</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Баялиева</surname><given-names>Айнагуль Жолдошевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>anestdima@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ustimov</surname><given-names>D Yu</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Устимов</surname><given-names>Дмитрий Юрьевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>anestdima@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Nagimullin</surname><given-names>R R</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Нагимуллин</surname><given-names>Рамиль Раисович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>anestdima@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Kazan State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Казанский государственный медицинский университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">City Clinical Hospital №7</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Городская клиническая больница №7</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2016-12-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>12</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><volume>97</volume><issue>6</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 97, NO6 (2016)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 97, №6 (2016)</issue-title><fpage>925</fpage><lpage>931</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2016-11-18"><day>18</day><month>11</month><year>2016</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2016, Gorbunov S.V., Bayalieva A.Z., Ustimov D.Y., Nagimullin R.R.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2016, Горбунов С.В., Баялиева А.Ж., Устимов Д.Ю., Нагимуллин Р.Р.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2016</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Gorbunov S.V., Bayalieva A.Z., Ustimov D.Y., Nagimullin R.R.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Горбунов С.В., Баялиева А.Ж., Устимов Д.Ю., Нагимуллин Р.Р.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://kazanmedjournal.ru/kazanmedj/article/view/5645">https://kazanmedjournal.ru/kazanmedj/article/view/5645</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Difficult or unsuccessful intubation occur in anesthesiologist’s practice infrequently but such situations may have direct threat to a patient’s life. Often mortality associated with anesthesia is caused precisely by difficulties of intubation. The article deals with analyses of the causes of possible difficult intubation in the practice of anesthesiologist and intensivist in planned and emergency situations. Mallampati test, evaluation of thyromantal distance and mobility of atlanto-occipital joint can be used to predict difficult intubation. According to most recent publications, the most effective way to predict it is the «LEMON» score. Ample opportunities for overcoming difficulties of tracheal intubation are created by recently introduced techniques of videolaryngoscopy - different types of video laryngoscope-modifications of Macintosh blades. Their features compared to classic intubation with the use of Macintosh and Magil blades are excellent view and complete visual control of structures of the larynx.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Трудные или неудавшиеся интубации встречаются в практике анестезиолога нечасто, но такие ситуации чреваты непосредственной угрозой жизни больного. Часто летальность, ассоциированная с анестезией, вызвана именно трудностями интубации. В статье проанализированы причины возможной трудной интубации в практике анестезиолога-реаниматолога в плановых и экстренных ситуациях. Для прогнозирования трудной интубации возможно использование теста Mallampati, оценки тироментальной дистанции и подвижности в атланто-окципитальном соединении. Наиболее эффективный способ прогнозирования, согласно большинству публикаций последних лет, - прогноз по шкале «LEMON». Широкие возможности в преодолении трудностей интубации трахеи представляются благодаря внедряемым в последнее время техникам видеоларингоскопии - различного типа видеоларингоскопов-модификаторов клинка Макинтоша. Их особенности в сравнении с классической интубацией трахеи с помощью клинков типа Макинтош и Меджил - отличный обзор и полный визуальный контроль структур гортани.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>anesthesiology and intensive care</kwd><kwd>tracheal intubation</kwd><kwd>vidoelaryngoscopy</kwd><kwd>prediction of complications of tracheal intubation</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>анестезиология-реаниматология</kwd><kwd>интубация трахеи</kwd><kwd>видеоларингоскопия</kwd><kwd>прогнозирование осложнений интубации трахеи</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Алгоритмы действий при критических ситуациях в анестезиологии. 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