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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Kazan medical journal</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Kazan medical journal</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Казанский медицинский журнал</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0368-4814</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2587-9359</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">375372</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/KMJ375372</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">On the issue of modern classification of peripheral nervous system's combat injuries</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>К вопросу о современной классификации боевых повреждений периферической нервной системы</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1886-5486</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7011-6279</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gaivoronsky</surname><given-names>Alexey I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гайворонский</surname><given-names>Алексей Иванович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Prof., Depart. of Neurosurgery</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р. мед. наук, проф., каф. нейрохирургии</p></bio><email>don-gaivoronsky@ya.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6024-8142</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5453-1036</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kim-Skaliitchouk</surname><given-names>Bogdan V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ким-Скалийчук</surname><given-names>Богдан Валентинович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Stud.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>слушатель 6-го курса</p></bio><email>bogdan_skaliitchouk@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3922-9887</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3184-5590</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Svistov</surname><given-names>Dmitriy V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Свистов</surname><given-names>Дмитрий Владимирович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Assoc. Prof., Head of Depart., Depart. of Neurosurgery</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, доц., начальник, каф. нейрохирургии</p></bio><email>dvsvistov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3336-3230</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3523-1801</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Isaev</surname><given-names>Dzhamaludin M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Исаев</surname><given-names>Джамалудин Магомедрасулович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Neurosurgeon, Depart. of Neurosurgery</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач-нейрохирург, клиника нейрохирургии</p></bio><email>isaev.neuro@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4982-7848</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5236-5732</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Churikov</surname><given-names>Leonid I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чуриков</surname><given-names>Леонид Игоревич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Head Teacher, Department of Neurosurgery</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, ст. преподаватель, каф. нейрохирургии</p></bio><email>leon-doc89@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Military Medical Academy named after S.M. Kirov</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Военно-медицинская академия им. С.М. Кирова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2024-09-05" publication-format="electronic"><day>05</day><month>09</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-10-02" publication-format="electronic"><day>02</day><month>10</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>105</volume><issue>5</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>760</fpage><lpage>770</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-05-05"><day>05</day><month>05</month><year>2023</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2024-05-07"><day>07</day><month>05</month><year>2024</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2027-10-02"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://kazanmedjournal.ru/kazanmedj/article/view/375372">https://kazanmedjournal.ru/kazanmedj/article/view/375372</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Combat injuries to the peripheral nervous system are of particular interest because they differ significantly from peacetime nerve injuries and, accordingly, require a different approach to their classification and diagnosis. They are also characterized by a slightly different algorithm of diagnostic measures and treatment tactics. This problem is relevant not only for military surgeons, since gunshot wounds to nerves are not uncommon in peacetime. The leading position in the structure of mine-explosive wounds is traditionally occupied by limb wounds, but cases of damage to cranial nerves are not uncommon. Combat injuries are often characterized by significant damage to soft tissues, main vessels, nerve trunks and bone structures. Among the features of the clinical course of such nerve injuries, a higher frequency of causalgia, as well as a neurological deficit caused by the presence of an intraneural foreign object or due to compression of an intact nerve trunk by a conglomerate of cicatricial tissues, can be highlighted. Traditionally, nerve injuries both in wartime and in peacetime are characterized by a high degree of disability of the victims, which is reflected in a decrease in the quality of life. Available domestic and foreign literature has a significant number of classifications of peacetime injuries to the peripheral nervous system and only isolated mentions of the classification of combat injuries. The lack of a single classification approach to this nosology significantly complicates a multidisciplinary approach in the treatment of such wounded due to the fact that the diagnosis of clinicians of related specialties often differs from the neurosurgical one. In turn, this is reflected in the choice of the wrong treatment tactics and, accordingly, in a decrease in its effectiveness. In this paper, the authors propose an improved modern classification of combat injuries to the peripheral nervous system, based on previously put forward, as well as on the experience of treating nerve injuries in the neurosurgery clinic of the S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Боевые повреждения периферической нервной системы представляют особый интерес в связи с тем, что они значительно отличаются от повреждений нервов мирного времени и, соответственно, требуют иного подхода к их классификации и формулировке диагноза. Также для них характерен несколько иной алгоритм диагностических мероприятий и тактики лечения. Данная проблема актуальна не только для военных хирургов, так как огнестрельные ранения нервов не бывают редкостью и в мирное время. Лидирующую позицию в структуре минно-взрывных ранений традиционно занимают ранения конечностей, однако нередки случаи повреждения черепных нервов. Зачастую боевые травмы характеризуются значительным повреждением мягких тканей, магистральных сосудов, нервных стволов и костных структур. Среди особенностей клинического течения таких повреждений нервов можно выделить бóльшую частоту каузалгий, а также неврологический дефицит, вызванный наличием интраневрального инородного тела или вследствие сдавления интактного нервного ствола конгломератом рубцово-изменённых тканей. Традиционно повреждения нервов как в военное, так и в мирное время характеризуются высокой степенью инвалидизации пострадавших, что отражается снижением качества жизни. Доступная отечественная и зарубежная литература располагает значительным количеством классификаций повреждений периферической нервной системы мирного времени и лишь единичными упоминаниями о классификации боевых травм. Отсутствие единого классификационного подхода по данной нозологии значительно затрудняет мультидисциплинарный подход в ходе лечения таких раненых в связи с тем, что диагноз клиницистов смежных специальностей зачастую разнится с нейрохирургическим. В свою очередь, это отражается на выборе неверной тактики лечения и, соответственно, на снижении её результативности. В данной работе авторами предложена усовершенствованная современная классификация боевых повреждений периферической нервной системы, основанная на ранее выдвинутых, а также на опыте лечения травм нервов в клинике нейрохирургии Военно-медицинской академии им. С.М. Кирова.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>peripheral nervous system</kwd><kwd>combat nerve injuries</kwd><kwd>classification</kwd><kwd>surgical treatment tactics</kwd><kwd>literature review</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>периферическая нервная система</kwd><kwd>боевые повреждения нервов</kwd><kwd>классификация</kwd><kwd>тактика хирургического лечения</kwd><kwd>обзор литературы</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pirogov NI. 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