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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Kazan medical journal</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Kazan medical journal</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Казанский медицинский журнал</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0368-4814</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2587-9359</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">2374</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17750/KMJ2016-101</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Modern concepts of celiac disease</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Современные представления о целиакии</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kopishinskaya</surname><given-names>S V</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Копишинская</surname><given-names>Светлана Васильевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>kopishinskaya@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Nizhny Novgorod State Medical Academy</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Нижегородская государственная медицинская академия</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2016-01-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>01</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><volume>97</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 97, NO1 (2016)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 97, №1 (2016)</issue-title><fpage>101</fpage><lpage>107</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2016-03-28"><day>28</day><month>03</month><year>2016</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2016, Kopishinskaya S.V.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2016, Копишинская С.В.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2016</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kopishinskaya S.V.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Копишинская С.В.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://kazanmedjournal.ru/kazanmedj/article/view/2374">https://kazanmedjournal.ru/kazanmedj/article/view/2374</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Celiac disease is widespread autoimmune disease, which develops in genetically predisposed individuals in case of gluten intake and manifests as enteropathy and extraintestinal signs or without symptoms. Celiac disease is recognized as one of the most common genetic diseases in the world with about 1% prevalence. The review organizes literature data concerning epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, diagnosis and treatment of celiac disease. The historical and geographical features of the celiac disease prevalence associated with the wheat consumption and human migration are described. The disease pathogenesis caused by both genetic factors, in particular the human leukocyte antigens (HLA) type, and the environmental influence, the gluten intake. The classification uniting a number of gluten-related diseases, which differ in the development mechanism and clinical manifestations, is described. Celiac disease can clinically manifest by classic and atypical symptoms or occur in a latent form. It usually manifests in early childhood after the introduction of the cereals into diet with symptoms of chronic diarrhea, delayed growth and development. Celiac disease develops throughout life and increases morbidity and mortality if left untreated. Diagnosis is based on the presence of antibodies to tissue transglutaminase, gliadin and deamidated peptides and biopsy results. An algorithm for the interpretation of the diagnostic findings in the celiac disease diagnosis is presented. Significance of gluten-free diet and new drugs in the celiac disease treatment is highlighted. Different ways to reduce the gluten toxicity for celiac patients are described, such as gliadin hydrolysis modification, gluten intake decrease, immune response activity inhibition.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Целиакия - аутоиммунное заболевание, распространённое повсеместно, развивающееся у генетически предрасположенных людей при употреблении в пищу глютена и проявляющееся энтеропатией и внекишечными признаками или протекающее бессимптомно. Целиакия признана одной из наиболее часто встречающихся генетических болезней на планете с распространённостью около 1%. В обзоре систематизированы данные литературы, касающиеся эпидемиологии, патогенеза, клинической картины, диагностики и лечения целиакии. Описаны исторические и географические особенности распространения целиакии, связанные с потреблением пшеницы и миграцией населения. Патогенез заболевания обусловлен как генетическими факторами, в частности типом человеческих лейкоцитарных антигенов (HLA), так и действием окружающей среды, употреблением в пищу глютена. Приведена классификация, объединяющая ряд глютен-ассоциированных заболеваний, различающихся по механизму развития и клиническим проявлениям. Целиакия может клинически манифестировать классическими и атипичными симптомами или протекать в скрытой форме. Обычно она проявляется в раннем детстве после введения в рацион злаковых продуктов симптомами хронической диареи, задержкой роста и развития. Целиакия развивается на протяжении всей жизни и при отсутствии лечения повышает заболеваемость и смертность. Диагностика основана на наличии антител к тканевой трансглутаминазе, деамидированным пептидам глиадина и результатах биопсии. Представлен алгоритм интерпретации результатов исследований в диагностике целиакии. Освещено значение безглютеновой диеты и новых препаратов в лечении целиакии. Описаны такие пути снижения токсичности глютена для больных целиакией, как гидролизная модификация глиадина, уменьшение всасывания глютена, снижение активности иммунного ответа.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>celiac disease</kwd><kwd>gluten</kwd><kwd>polyneuropathy</kwd><kwd>ataxia</kwd><kwd>gluten-free diet</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>целиакия</kwd><kwd>глютен</kwd><kwd>полиневропатия</kwd><kwd>атаксия</kwd><kwd>безглютеновая диета</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Копишинская С.В., Густов А.В., Репин А.А., Светозарский С.Н. Висцеральная боль. Мед. альманах. 2013; (1): 116-120.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Костарева Т.Ю., Афраймович М.Г., Азовцева И.А., Васильева О.Е. Целиакия - трудный диагноз для педиатра на современном этапе. 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