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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Kazan medical journal</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Kazan medical journal</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Казанский медицинский журнал</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0368-4814</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2587-9359</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">2090</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/KMJ2090</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Lead article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Передовая статья</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">50 years in search of the «longevity» gene</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>50 лет в поисках «гена долголетия»</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Chugunova</surname><given-names>D N</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чугунова</surname><given-names>Диана Наилевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>d0129@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Oslopov</surname><given-names>V N</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ослопов</surname><given-names>Владимир Николаевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Kazan State Medical University, Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Казанский государственный медицинский университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2012-12-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>12</month><year>2012</year></pub-date><volume>93</volume><issue>6</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 93, NO6 (2012)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 93, №6 (2012)</issue-title><fpage>849</fpage><lpage>854</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2016-03-28"><day>28</day><month>03</month><year>2016</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2012, Chugunova D.N., Oslopov V.N.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2012, Чугунова Д.Н., Ослопов В.Н.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2012</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Chugunova D.N., Oslopov V.N.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Чугунова Д.Н., Ослопов В.Н.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://kazanmedjournal.ru/kazanmedj/article/view/2090">https://kazanmedjournal.ru/kazanmedj/article/view/2090</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>In many countries of the world mean life expectancy has lately significantly increased from 50 to 70-80 years. Twin studies have shown that genetic differences account for about 25% of the variance in adult human lifespan. However, the association with the life expectancy was proven for the only candidate gene - apolipoprotein gene, playing a great role in regulating lipoproteins metabolism. E2 allele of this gene is much more prevalent compared to E4 allele in people over 100. In animal models, single-gene mutations in genes involved in insulin/insulin-like growth factor-1 abnormal activation pathway and target of rapamycin signaling pathway have considerably extended the lifespan. The key link in regulating the insulin/insulin-like growth factor-1 abnormal activation pathway is the human forkhead box O3A transcription factor. A clear rel ationship between the lifespan and GG genotype of this gene in Japanese, German and French population was found. However, although candidate longevity genes are defined, their effects on the lifespan are still to be confirmed. Questions of gene products’ mutual influence and gene penetration are still undecided. Ethnical and geographical associations of different polymorphic alleles with aging and longevity are not completely clear. Therefore, further search and genetic and phenogenetic markers examination determining the lifespan is needed. Na+-Li+-сountertransport speed in the erythrocyte membrane, which is a genetically determined intermediate phenotype, may be one of those markers.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Во многих странах мира продолжительность жизни за последнее время существенно возросла, в среднем с 50 до 70-80 лет. Исследования с использованием близнецового метода показали, что на 25% продолжительность жизни обусловлена генетическими факторами. Однако влияние на продолжительность жизни было достоверно доказано только для одного кандидатного гена. Это ген аполипопротеина, который играет важную роль в обмене липопротеинов. У лиц старше 100 лет выявлено чёткое преобладание аллеля Е2 этого гена над аллелем Е4. С помощью лабораторных животных было установлено, что мутации в генах, вовлечённых в патологический путь активации системы «инсулин - инсулиноподобный фактор роста-1», и сигнальный путь mTOR значительно увеличивают продолжительность жизни. Ключевое звено регуляции активации патологического пути «инсулин - инсулиноподобный фактор роста-1» - транскрипционный фактор семейства forkhead box O3A. Была выявлена чёткая связь продолжительности жизни и генотипа GG этого гена у представителей японской, немецкой и французской популяций. Однако, хотя кандидатные гены долголетия и определены, их влияние на продолжительность жизни пока до конца не подтверждено. Всё ещё остаются открытыми вопросы взаимодействия продуктов генов между собой и с внешней средой. Не до конца понятны этнические и географические особенности ассоциации тех или иных полиморфных аллелей с долгожительством и старением. В связи с этим необходимы поиск и более подробное изучение генетических и феногенотипических маркёров, определяющих продолжительность жизни. Одним из таких маркёров может быть генетически детерминированный промежуточный фенотип - скорость Na+-Li+-противотранспорта в мембране эритроцита.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>lifespan</kwd><kwd>gene</kwd><kwd>population genetics</kwd><kwd>ontogenesis</kwd><kwd>polymorphism</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>продолжительность жизни</kwd><kwd>ген</kwd><kwd>генетика популяции</kwd><kwd>онтогенез</kwd><kwd>полиморфизм</kwd><kwd>Na+-Li+-противотранспорт</kwd><kwd>Na+-Li+-сountertransport</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Анисимов В.Н. Молекулярные и физиологические механизмы старения. - СПб.: Наука, 2003. - 468 с.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Глотов О.С., Баранов В.С. 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