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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Kazan medical journal</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Kazan medical journal</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Казанский медицинский журнал</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0368-4814</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2587-9359</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">19427</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/KMJ2020-31</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Theoretical and clinical medicine</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Теоретическая и клиническая медицина</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Adaptive immunity in the mucous membrane of the duodenum in neonatal sepsis</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Состояние адаптивного иммунитета слизистой оболочки двенадцатиперстной кишки при неонатальном сепсисе</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Khaertynov</surname><given-names>K S</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хаертынов</surname><given-names>Халит Саубанович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>khalit65@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Anokhin</surname><given-names>V A</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Анохин</surname><given-names>Владимир Алексеевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>khalit65@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Burganova</surname><given-names>G R</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бурганова</surname><given-names>Гузель Рустамовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>khalit65@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Pevnev</surname><given-names>G O</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Певнев</surname><given-names>Георгий Олегович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>khalit65@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mavlikeev</surname><given-names>M O</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мавликеев</surname><given-names>Михаил Олегович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>khalit65@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kiyasov</surname><given-names>A P</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Киясов</surname><given-names>Андрей Павлович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>khalit65@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Rizvanov</surname><given-names>A A</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ризванов</surname><given-names>Альберт Анатольевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>khalit65@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gil'manov</surname><given-names>A A</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гильманов</surname><given-names>Альберт Альфредович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>khalit65@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lyubin</surname><given-names>S A</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Любин</surname><given-names>Сергей Анатольевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>khalit65@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mikheeva</surname><given-names>E G</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Михеева</surname><given-names>Екатерина Геннадьевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>khalit65@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Pchenitchnyi</surname><given-names>P V</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пшеничный</surname><given-names>Павел Витальевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>khalit65@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Kazan State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Казанский государственный медицинский университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Казанский (Приволжский) федеральный университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Children's Municipal Hospital №1</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Городская детская больница №1</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2020-02-11" publication-format="electronic"><day>11</day><month>02</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>101</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>31</fpage><lpage>39</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2020-02-07"><day>07</day><month>02</month><year>2020</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2020-02-07"><day>07</day><month>02</month><year>2020</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2020, Khaertynov K.S., Anokhin V.A., Burganova G.R., Pevnev G.O., Mavlikeev M.O., Kiyasov A.P., Rizvanov A.A., Gil'manov A.A., Lyubin S.A., Mikheeva E.G., Pchenitchnyi P.V.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2020, Хаертынов Х.С., Анохин В.А., Бурганова Г.Р., Певнев Г.О., Мавликеев М.О., Киясов А.П., Ризванов А.А., Гильманов А.А., Любин С.А., Михеева Е.Г., Пшеничный П.В.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Khaertynov K.S., Anokhin V.A., Burganova G.R., Pevnev G.O., Mavlikeev M.O., Kiyasov A.P., Rizvanov A.A., Gil'manov A.A., Lyubin S.A., Mikheeva E.G., Pchenitchnyi P.V.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Хаертынов Х.С., Анохин В.А., Бурганова Г.Р., Певнев Г.О., Мавликеев М.О., Киясов А.П., Ризванов А.А., Гильманов А.А., Любин С.А., Михеева Е.Г., Пшеничный П.В.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://kazanmedjournal.ru/kazanmedj/article/view/19427">https://kazanmedjournal.ru/kazanmedj/article/view/19427</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Aim.</bold> To assess of adaptive immunity of the duodenal mucosa in neonates with sepsis.</p> <p><bold>Methods.</bold> A study of duodenal biopsy specimens obtained during duodenoscopy from neonates who had signs of suspected ulcerative lesions of the digestive tract. Five of them were obtained from infants with clinical and laboratory signs of neonatal sepsis (NS), two — from infants without sepsis (comparison group). Immunohistochemical staining was performed using the Novolink Polymer Detection System imaging system with commercial antibodies to CD4, CD8, CD20 and Bcl-2, and the CSAII Biotin-free Tyramide Signal Amplification System imaging system with commercial antibodies to caspase-3 and caspase-9 in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions.</p> <p><bold>Results.</bold> It was found that the number of CD4<sup>+</sup> T-lymphocytes of the duodenal mucosa in neonatal sepsis group in 4 of 5 infants did not differ from the control group. The number of CD8<sup>+</sup> lymphocytes in neonates with sepsis in 3 of 5 cases was even higher than in the control group. The number of CD20<sup>+</sup> B-lymphocytes in 4 infants with sepsis was significantly less compared with the control. Activation of apoptosis in mucosal cells was detected, which was manifested by a large number of caspase-3-positive cells (in 4 of 5 cases) in comparison with the control group. The number of caspase-9-positive cells in the studied groups was almost equal. A substantial decrease in the number of Bcl-2-positive mucosal cells in all 5 infants with sepsis was noted as compared with the control indicators.</p> <p><bold>Conclusion.</bold> The study revealed moderate immunosuppression in the duodenal mucosa in neonates with sepsis, manifested by low values of CD20<sup>+</sup> B-lymphocytes in the absence of a significant decrease in the number of CD4<sup>+</sup> and CD8<sup>+</sup> T-lymphocytes. The detected moderate activation of apoptosis processes against the background of reduced antiapoptotic potential creates the conditions for a possible translocation of the intestinal microbiota into the bloodstream.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Цель.</bold> Оценка показателей адаптивного иммунитета слизистой оболочки двенадцатиперстной кишки у детей с неонатальным сепсисом.</p> <p><bold>Методы.</bold> Проведено исследование биоптатов слизистой оболочки двенадцатиперстной кишки, полученных при проведении дуоденоскопии новорождённых, имевших признаки эрозивно-язвенного поражения пищеварительного тракта. 5 из них были получены от детей с клинико-лабораторными признаками неонатального сепсиса, 2 — от детей группы сравнения. Проведено иммуногистохимическое окрашивание биоптатов с использованием системы визуализации Novolink Polymer Detection System с коммерческими антителами к CD4, CD8, CD20 и Bcl-2 и системы визуализации CSAII Biotin-free Tyramide Signal Amplification System с коммерческими антителами к каспазе-3 и каспазе-9 в соответствии с инструкциями производителя.</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold> Было установлено, что количество Т-лимфоцитов CD4<sup>+</sup> слизистой оболочки двенадцатиперстной кишки в группе новорождённых с сепсисом в 4 из 5 случаев не отличалось от показателей контрольной группы. Количество лимфоцитов CD8<sup>+</sup> у детей с сепсисом в 3 из 5 случаев было даже бόльшим, чем в группе контроля. Количество B-лимфоцитов CD20<sup>+</sup> у 4 детей с сепсисом было значительно меньше по сравнению с контролем. Установлена активация апоптоза в клетках слизистой оболочки у детей с сепсисом, что проявлялось бόльшим количеством каспаза-3-позитивных клеток (в 4 из 5 случаев) по сравнению с показателями контрольной группы. Количество каспаза-9-позитивных клеток в исследуемых группах было практически одинаковым. Отмечено значительное уменьшение количества Bcl-2-позитивных клеток слизистой оболочки у всех 5 детей с сепсисом по сравнению с показателями контрольной группы.</p> <p><bold>Вывод.</bold> Проведённое исследование выявило умеренно выраженную иммуносупрессию в слизистой оболочке двенадцатиперстной кишки у детей с неонатальным сепсисом, проявившуюся низкими значениями В-лимфоцитов CD20<sup>+</sup> на фоне отсутствия значимого снижения количества Т-лимфоцитов CD4<sup>+</sup> и CD8<sup>+</sup>; установлена умеренно выраженная активация процессов апоптоза на фоне сниженного антиапоптотического потенциала, что создаёт условия возможной транслокации кишечной микробиоты в кровоток.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>neonatal sepsis</kwd><kwd>endoscopy</kwd><kwd>duodenal mucosa</kwd><kwd>intestinal lymphocytes</kwd><kwd>apoptosis</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>неонатальный сепсис</kwd><kwd>эндоскопия</kwd><kwd>двенадцатиперстная кишка</kwd><kwd>лимфоциты кишечника</kwd><kwd>апоптоз</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Verma P., Berwal P.K., Nagaraj N. et al. 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