Kazan medical journalKazan medical journal0368-48142587-9359Eco-Vector191310.17816/KMJ1913Research ArticleLevel of dioxins and glutathione system status in semen of male patients with infertilityGalimovSh Nsngalim@mail.ruAbdullinaA Z-KidrasovaR S-GalimovaE F-Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa, Russia1510201394565866128032016Copyright © 2013, Galimov S.N., Abdullina A.Z., Kidrasova R.S., Galimova E.F.2013Aim. To evaluate of contamination of ejaculate by polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins/furans and to analyze the glutathione system status in males with infertility. Methods. 168 infertile and 49 fertile men were examined. Semen analysis was made in accordance with the World Health Organization protocol. The semen levels of persistent organic pollutants (dioxins and furans) was determined by a combination of high-performance capillary gas chromatography and high-resolution mass spectrometry, glutathione-depended enzymes activity - by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results. It is found that the levels of priority environmental pollutants of dioxins and furans classes was 2,2-2,3 times higher in the semen of infertile men compared to fertile donors. The maximum level of the most toxic congener - 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin - was detected in patients pathospermia, which was found in most infertile patients. The glutathione redox system status in males with infertility was characterized by the decrease in the reduced tripeptide concentration, decreased activity of glutathione-depended xenobiotic detoxification enzymes (glutathione peroxidase and glutathione-S-transferase), multidirectional shifts of metabolism-mediating enzymes (inhibition of glutathione reductase associated with stimulation of g-glutamyltransferase). The molecular mechanisms of polychlorinated dioxins/furans toxicity for the male reproductive system are discussed, which may be mediated by redox state-sensitive signaling systems modulation. Conclusion. Contamination of semen in infertile men by environmental pollutants of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and furans classes supports the hypothesis of the relationship of the reproductive pathology with environmental factors. The most important link in the pathogenesis of decreased fertility in men associated with anthropogenic pollution is the change of glutathione antioxidant/antitoxic system activity.environmentmale infertilityejaculatedioxinsglutathioneокружающая средамужское бесплодиеэякулятдиоксиныглутатион[Божедомов В.А., Липатова Н.А., Спориш Е.А. и др. Роль структурных нарушений хроматина и ДНК сперматозоидов в развитии бесплодия // Андрол. и генит. хир. - 2012. - №3. - С. 82-92.][Галимов Ш.Н., Галимова Э.Ф. Мужчина в зеркале эволюции, экологии, экономики и эмансипации // Экология и жизнь. - 2010. - №5. - С. 78-83.][Громенко Д.С., Галимов Ш.Н., Шемагонов Д.В., Фархутдинов Р.Р. Роль активных форм кислорода в формировании мужской инфертильности // Казан. мед. ж. - 2007. - №4. - С. 23-24.][Громенко Д.С., Галимов Ш.Н., Амирова З.К. и др. Гонадотоксическое действие полихлорбифенилов // Бюлл. эксперим. биол. - 2008. - №7. - С. 76-79.][Aitken R., De Iuliis G., Gibb Z., Baker M. The simmet lecture: new horizons on an old landscape - oxidative stress, DNA damage and apoptosis in the male germ line // Reprod. Domest. Anim. - 2012. - Vol. 47, suppl. 4. - P. 7-14.][EPA Method 1613. Tetra-through octa-chlorinated dioxins and furans by isotope dilution HRGC/HRMC. - 1994.][Lushchak V. Adaptive response to oxidative stress: bacteria, fungi, plants and animals // Comp. Biochem. Physiol. C. Toxicol. Pharmacol. - 2011. - Vol. 153,N 2. - P. 175-190.][Nguyen T., Nioi P., Pickett C. The Nrf2-antioxidant response element signaling pathway and its activation by oxidative stress // J. Biol. Chem. - 2009. - Vol. 284. - P. 13291-13295.][Qiang Ma, Xiaoqing He. Molecular basis of electrophilic and oxidative defense: promises and perils of Nrf2 // Pharmacol. Rev. - 2012. - Vol. 64. - P. 1055-1081.][Schecter A., McGee H., Stanley J. et al. Dioxins and dioxin-like chemicals in blood and semen of American Vietnam veterans from the state of Michigan // Am. J. Ind. Med. - 1996. - Vol. 30. - P. 647-654.][Sharpe R. Environmental / lifestyle effects on spermatogenesis // Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B. Biol. Sci. - 2010. - Vol. 365. - P. 1697-1712.][Zanden L., van Rooij I., Feitz W. et al. Aetiology of hypospadias: a systematic review of genes and environment // Hum. Reprod. Update. - 2012. - Vol. 18,N 2. - P. 260-283.]