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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Kazan medical journal</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Kazan medical journal</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Казанский медицинский журнал</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0368-4814</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2587-9359</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">18516</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/KMJ2019-950</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Aspects of the pathogenesis of anemia in cancer patients</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Аспекты патогенеза анемии у пациентов онкологического профиля</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4211-8993</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Romanenko</surname><given-names>N A</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Романенко</surname><given-names>Николай Александрович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>rom-nik@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bessmeltsev</surname><given-names>S S</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бессмельцев</surname><given-names>Станислав Семёнович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>rom-nik@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Alborov</surname><given-names>A E</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Алборов</surname><given-names>Александр Эдуардович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>rom-nik@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9967-6367</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shilova</surname><given-names>E R</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шилова</surname><given-names>Елена Романовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>rom-nik@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6576-8487</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Chechetkin</surname><given-names>A V</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чечеткин</surname><given-names>Александр Викторович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>rom-nik@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Khanevich</surname><given-names>M D</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ханевич</surname><given-names>Михаил Дмитриевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>rom-nik@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Russian Research Institute of Hematology and Transfusiology of FMBA</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский научно-исследовательский институт гематологии и трансфузиологии Федерального медико-биологического агентства</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">City Clinical Oncological Center</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Городской клинический онкологический диспансер</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2019-12-09" publication-format="electronic"><day>09</day><month>12</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>100</volume><issue>6</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>950</fpage><lpage>957</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2019-12-04"><day>04</day><month>12</month><year>2019</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2019-12-04"><day>04</day><month>12</month><year>2019</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2019, Romanenko N.A., Bessmeltsev S.S., Alborov A.E., Shilova E.R., Chechetkin A.V., Khanevich M.D.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2019, Романенко Н.А., Бессмельцев С.С., Алборов А.Э., Шилова Е.Р., Чечеткин А.В., Ханевич М.Д.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Romanenko N.A., Bessmeltsev S.S., Alborov A.E., Shilova E.R., Chechetkin A.V., Khanevich M.D.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Романенко Н.А., Бессмельцев С.С., Алборов А.Э., Шилова Е.Р., Чечеткин А.В., Ханевич М.Д.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://kazanmedjournal.ru/kazanmedj/article/view/18516">https://kazanmedjournal.ru/kazanmedj/article/view/18516</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Anemia is considered one of the manifistations of many neoplasms affecting the overall survival and reducing the quality of life of patients. The prevalence of anemia varies from 20 to 90% depending on the nosology, the stage of the disease, antitumor treatment. The pathogenesis of anemia in cancer patients is complex. Among pathogene­tic factors, such factors are distinguished as tumor infiltration of the bone marrow by malignant cells, inhibition of erythroid growth by cytokines of inflammation, decreased sensitivity of receptors to erythropoietin and its production, increased levels of hepcidin, defects of nutrition, increased deposition and sequestration of blood cells in the spleen, excessive bone fibrosis, hemorrhagic syndrome, antitumor therapy. The article presents the pathogenesis of anemia in oncological disease with a detailed description of the suppressive effect on hematopoiesis of a number of proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, interferon-γ) produced by cells of the immune system. The mechanism of influence of cytokines on erythropoiesis, synthesis of erythropoietin as well as on the enhancement of hepcidin production in the body is presented in detail. The article also describes the mechanism of impairment of iron kinetics in the body in patients with cancer and subsequent development of functional deficiency. This review of the literature contains up-to-date information about the factors involved in the pathogenesis of anemia in cancer patients, understanding of which will allow the clinical physician to choose a rational way of pathogenetic or substitution correction of anemic syndrome, taking into account the personalized approach to treatment and prevention, especially in patients receiving surgical, chemotherapy, radiation treatment.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Анемию считают одним из проявлений многих онкологических заболеваний, влияющих на общую выживаемость и снижающих качество жизни больных. Частота анемии варьирует от 20 до 90%, в зависимости от нозологии, стадии болезни, проводимого противоопухолевого лечения. Патогенез анемии у больных онкологического профиля носит комплексный характер. Среди патогенетических факторов выделяют такие, как опухолевая инфильтрация костного мозга злокачественными клетками, угнетение эритроидного ростка цитокинами воспаления, снижение чувствительности рецепторов к эритропоэтину и его синтеза, повышение уровня гепсидина, нарушение питания, усиление депонирования и секвестрации клеток крови в селезёнке, избыточный фиброз костной ткани, геморрагический синдром, противоопухолевая терапия. В статье изложен патогенез анемии при онкологических заболеваниях с подробным описанием супрессивного влияния на гемопоэз ряда провоспалительных цитокинов (интерлейкина-1β, интерлейкина-6, фактора некроза опухоли α, интерферона γ), синтезируемых клетками иммунной системы. Подробно представлен механизм влияния цитокинов на эритроидный росток, синтез эритропоэтина, а также на усиление образования гепсидина в организме. В работе описан механизм нарушения кинетики железа в организме пациентов с онкологическими заболеваниями и последующее развитие его функционального дефицита. Данный обзор литературы содержит современные сведения о факторах, принимающих участие в патогенезе анемии больных онкологического профиля, понимание которых позволит врачу-клиницисту выбрать рациональную тактику патогенетической или заместительной коррекции анемического синдрома с учётом персонифицированного подхода к лечению и профилактике, особенно у пациентов, получающих хирургическое, химиотерапевтическое, лучевое лечение.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>anemia</kwd><kwd>erythropoietin</kwd><kwd>hepcidin</kwd><kwd>iron</kwd><kwd>lymphoproliferative disease</kwd><kwd>cancer patients</kwd><kwd>cancer</kwd><kwd>cytokines</kwd><kwd>erythropoietin</kwd><kwd>interleukin-1β</kwd><kwd>interleukin-6</kwd><kwd>tumor necrosis factor-α</kwd><kwd>interferon-γ</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>анемия</kwd><kwd>эритропоэтин</kwd><kwd>железо</kwd><kwd>гепсидин</kwd><kwd>лимфопролиферативное заболевание</kwd><kwd>онкологические больные</kwd><kwd>рак</kwd><kwd>цитокины</kwd><kwd>эритропоэтин</kwd><kwd>интерлейкин-1β</kwd><kwd>интерлейкин-6</kwd><kwd>фактор некроза опухоли α</kwd><kwd>интерферон γ</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Romanenko N.A., Chechetkin A.V., Zhiguleva L.Yu. et al. 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