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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Kazan medical journal</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Kazan medical journal</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Казанский медицинский журнал</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0368-4814</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2587-9359</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1822</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/KMJ1822</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Hypokalemic myoplegia</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Гипокалиемические миоплегии</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sakovets</surname><given-names>T G</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Саковец</surname><given-names>Татьяна Геннадьевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>tsakovets@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bogdanov</surname><given-names>E I</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Богданов</surname><given-names>Энвер Ибрагимович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Kazan State Medical University, Kazan, Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Казанский государственный медицинский университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2013-12-15" publication-format="electronic"><day>15</day><month>12</month><year>2013</year></pub-date><volume>94</volume><issue>6</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 94, NO6 (2013)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 94, №6 (2013)</issue-title><fpage>933</fpage><lpage>938</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2016-03-28"><day>28</day><month>03</month><year>2016</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2013, Sakovets T.G., Bogdanov E.I.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2013, Саковец Т.Г., Богданов Э.И.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2013</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Sakovets T.G., Bogdanov E.I.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Саковец Т.Г., Богданов Э.И.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://kazanmedjournal.ru/kazanmedj/article/view/1822">https://kazanmedjournal.ru/kazanmedj/article/view/1822</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Acute generalized muscle weakness may have a different underlying cause. Among all urgently admitted patients, hypokalemia is observed in more than 20% of cases. Usually blood potassium concentration decrease is not fatal, but severe hypokalemia can be life-threatening for the patient suffering from cardiovascular diseases and respiratory disorders. Hypokalemia manifests clinically by muscle pain, weakness, the intestinal motility disorders, constipation, marked decrease in serum potassium levels can lead to fatal rhabdomyolysis. The key hormones that regulate the total stock of potassium in the body and its normal redistribution of intra- and extracellular fluid are insulin and catecholamines, interacting with β-adrenergic receptors. Regulation of blood potassium level is provided by insulin and it is a feedback (hyperkalemia stimulates insulin secretion, decreased potassium levels inhibits it). The level of catecholamines is not determined by potassium concentration, however, it influences the serum potassium level. Hypokalemia is usually the result of potassium loss due to abnormal renal (treatment with thiazides, high doses of corticosteroids, antibiotics, primary hyperaldosteronism due to adenoma, adrenal carcinoma, bilateral adrenal hyperplasia, Liddle, Bartter’s, Gitelman’s syndromes, 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, 11β-hydroxylase, 17α-hydroxylase deficiency, Cushing’s syndrome) or extrarenal (intense vomiting, diarrhea due to excessive laxative use, salmonellosis, yersiniosis, HIV-infection, bowel tumors, chemotherapy, radiation therapy in cancer patients, celiac disease, jejunoileal bypass, a lack of potassium in food) potassium loss, an also a transmembrane shift of potassium (hypokalemic familial periodic paralysis, β2-agonist, bronchodilators, theophylline intake). Hypokalemic myoplegia may lead to fatal complications, requiring doctors of various specialties’ to know the clinical manifestations of hypokalemia, which may have different underlying cause.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Остро развивающаяся генерализованная мышечная слабость может иметь различную этиологию. Среди всех ургетно госпитализированных больных гипокалиемию выявляют более чем у 20% пациентов. Обычно уменьшение концентрации калия в плазме крови не является фатальным, однако тяжёлая гипокалиемия может угрожать жизни больного, страдающего кардиоваскулярными заболеваниями и дыхательными нарушениями. Клинически гипокалиемия проявляется мышечными болями, слабостью, снижением перистальтики кишечника, запорами, выраженное снижение уровня калия в сыворотке крови может приводить к фатальному рабдомиолизу. Ключевые гормоны, регулирующие общий запас калия в организме и его нормальное перераспределение во внутри- и внеклеточной жидкости, - инсулин и катехоламины, взаимодействующие с β-адренергическими рецепторами. Регуляция уровня калия осуществляется инсулином по принципу обратной связи (гиперкалиемия стимулирует секрецию инсулина, снижение уровня калия её ингибирует). Уровень катехоламинов не определяется концентрацией калия в крови, однако влияет на его содержание. Гипокалиемия обычно бывает следствием истощения запасов калия в организме больного вследствие аномальной ренальной (приём тиазидных диуретиков, высоких доз глюкокортикоидов, антибиотиков, первичный гиперальдостеронизм вследствие аденомы, карциномы надпочечников, билатеральной гиперплазии надпочечников, синдром Лиддла, Бартера, Гительмана, дефицит 11β-гидроксистерондегидрогеназы, 11β-гидроксилазы, 17α-гидроксилазы, синдром Кушинга) и экстраренальной (интенсивная рвота, диарея вследствие избыточного приёма слабительных средств, сальмонеллёза, иерсиниоза, инфицирования вирусом иммунодефицита человека, опухолей кишечника, химиотерапии, лучевой терапии у больных онкологического профиля, целиакии, кишечного анастомоза, недостаток калия в пищевых продуктах) потери калия, трансмембранного перераспределения калия (семейный периодический гипокалиемический паралич, приём агонистов β2-адренергических рецепторов, бронходилататоров, теофиллина). Гипокалиемические миоплегии приводят к фатальным осложнениям, что требует информированности врачей различного профиля о клинических проявлениях гипокалиемии, в основе которой лежат разные нозологии.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>hypokalemia</kwd><kwd>hypokalemic paralysis</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>гипокалиемия</kwd><kwd>гипокалиемические параличи</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Смирнов И.И., Лобойко К.Н., Никонов В.В. Медикаментозная гипокалиемия // Мед. неотл. состояний. - 2009. - Т. 6, №25. - С. 1-10.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Alkaabia J.M., Mushtaqc A., Al-Maskarib F.N. Hypokalemic periodic paralysis: a case series, review of the literature and update of management // Eur. J. Em. Med. - 2010. - Vol. 17. - Р. 45-47.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>Amirlak I., Dawson K.P. 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