Aim. To study the features and to define the fundamental principles of rational training of the highly skilled specialist doctor in the Republic of Tajikistan. Methods. Complex analysis of the doctor’s formation and training process was performed. Data from the ambulatory, hospital and highly specialized medical care segments, academic faculties, teaching and clinical centers of family medicine of the Republic of Tajikistan were examined. 256 tutors and student doctors trained in the educational institutions of the Republic of Tajikistan from 2000 to 2012 were questioned. Results. 90 (35.2%) out of 256 doctors have changed their specialty, among them 48 (18.8%) - once, 26 (10.2%) - twice, 12 (4.9%) - 3 times, 3 (1.3%) doctors - 4 times and more. The average share of the current specialty experience from the total medical experience was equal to 84.3%. Over a half of the doctors (137 out of 256, 53.5%) were working for one employer in their career, the rest (119 out of 256, 46.5%) have changed the job, among them: 36 (30.3%) - once, 10 (8.4%) - twice, 9 (7.6%) - three times and more. Specialty changes hindered the aggrandizement. A share of the doctors having the higher qualification grade increased with the overall experience and the experience on the given specialty. 65 out of 256 (25.4%) doctors had the qualification degree, among them: 15 (5.9%) - highest degree, 34 (13.3%) - first degree, 16 (6.2%) - second degree. The number of the doctors with highest qualification degree was higher by 8.0% in doctors with 1-10 years of specialty experience and by 39.4% in doctors with specialty experience over 20 years. Conclusion. Constant regular work for one employer favored the specialist formation, whilst frequent job change halts the doctor’s «anchoring» in one exact specialty and hampers the professional growth.