Kazan medical journalKazan medical journal0368-48142587-9359Eco-Vector160510.17816/KMJ1605Research ArticleKazan medical nurses community structure and activities at the end of XIX centuryNaumovaO Aok_naumova@bk.ruKazan State Medical University, Kazan, Russia1504201394227828228032016Copyright © 2013, Naumova O.A.2013The Kazan branch of the Red Cross medical nurses was established in 1886. Its’ purpose was to professionally train women for further care for wounded soldiers at wartime, and for civil population care in hospitals at peace-time. The Kazan branch of medical nurses had started with a six students living in a shared flat. It was reported to the local Red Cross branch and was funded by it. All theoretical and practical classes were held according to the studying plan approved by the Russian National Federation of Red Cross on February 19th, 1882. After graduation all nurses were obliged to work as a nurse for at least two years, and to arrive to the Red Cross branch in case of war to be sent for military service. Nurses could also care for patients in private houses for a pay. Nurses were patient and zealous caring for ill and wounded, which wasn’t an easy job, indicating a true love and willingness for care among medical nurses. A selfless activity of medical nurses during a wartime, starvation and epidemics improved the image of a medical nurse and attracted community’s attention. During the plague and cholera epidemics in 1889-1892 15 nurses of the Kazan branch of the Red Cross were granted the medal for diligence. By the beginning of the XX century a skilled service of nursing care has been formed in the Kazan Province, becoming a prototype of modern nursery practice.History of medicineKazan communityRed Crossmedical nursesnursery practiceистория медициныКазанская общинаКрасный Крестсёстры милосердиясестринское дело[Илинский П.А. Русская женщина в войну 1877-1878 гг. Очерк деятельности сестёр милосердия, фельдшериц и женщин-врачей. - СПб.: 1879. - 280 с.][Краткий исторический очерк Казанской общины сестёр милосердия Российского общества Красного Креста. - Казань: Типо-литография Окружного штаба, 1895. - С. 6-16.][Постернак А.В. Очерки по истории общин сестёр милосердия. - М.: Литература, 2001. - 303 с.][Программы подготовительного курса для сестёр милосердия Казанской общины Красного Креста. - Казань: Типо-литография Окружного ШТАБА, 1909. - 43 с.][Татарская энциклопедия / Гл. ред. М.Х. Хасанов, отв. ред. Г.С. Сабирзянов. - Казань: Институт Татарской энциклопедии АН РТ, 2008. - Т. 4. - 768 с.][НА РТ. - Ф. 1. - Оп. 3. - Л. 19.][НА РТ. - Ф. 1. - Оп. 3. - Л. 20.][НА РТ. - Ф. 1. - Оп. 3. - Л. 116.][НА РТ. - Ф. 1. - Оп. 3. - Л. 125.][НА РТ. - Ф. 1. - Оп. 3. - Л. 152.][Шибков А.А. Первые женщины-медики России. - Л Медгиз, 1961. - 120 с.]