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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Kazan medical journal</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Kazan medical journal</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Казанский медицинский журнал</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0368-4814</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2587-9359</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">15556</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/KMJ2019-680</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Proteomic technologies in the development of new vaccines based on serotype-non-specific protein antigens of Streptococcus pneumoniae</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Протеомные технологии в разработке новых вакцин на основе серотип-неспецифичных белковых антигенов Streptococcus pneumoniae</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tyuri</surname><given-names>Yu A</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тюрин</surname><given-names>Юрий Александрович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>tyurin.yurii@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zaripova</surname><given-names>A Z</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зарипова</surname><given-names>Альбина Зуфаровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>tyurin.yurii@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Isaeva</surname><given-names>G Sh</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Исаева</surname><given-names>Гузель Шавхатовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>tyurin.yurii@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mustafin</surname><given-names>I G</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мустафин</surname><given-names>Ильшат Ганиевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>tyurin.yurii@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bayazitova</surname><given-names>L T</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Баязитова</surname><given-names>Лира Табрисовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>tyurin.yurii@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Kazan State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Казанский государственный медицинский университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Kazan Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Казанский научно-исследовательский институт эпидемиологии и микробиологии</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2019-07-31" publication-format="electronic"><day>31</day><month>07</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>100</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>680</fpage><lpage>688</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2019-07-31"><day>31</day><month>07</month><year>2019</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2019-07-31"><day>31</day><month>07</month><year>2019</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2019, Tyuri Y.A., Zaripova A.Z., Isaeva G.S., Mustafin I.G., Bayazitova L.T.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2019, Тюрин Ю.А., Зарипова А.З., Исаева Г.Ш., Мустафин И.Г., Баязитова Л.Т.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Tyuri Y.A., Zaripova A.Z., Isaeva G.S., Mustafin I.G., Bayazitova L.T.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Тюрин Ю.А., Зарипова А.З., Исаева Г.Ш., Мустафин И.Г., Баязитова Л.Т.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://kazanmedjournal.ru/kazanmedj/article/view/15556">https://kazanmedjournal.ru/kazanmedj/article/view/15556</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The review presents a modern strategy to improve the means of vaccine prevention of streptococcal infections aimed at finding and developing new vaccines for immunization of people belonging to risk groups. It should be noted that pneumococci (S. pneumoniae) are members of gram-positive bacteria (diplococci) and become the main cause of various nosological forms of human infectious diseases (such as pneumonia, otitis media, sinusitis, bacteremia and meningitis). Existing pneumococcal vaccines (conjugate and polysaccharide) have some important limitations, for example, serotype dependence, loss of effectiveness due to a change in the serotype landscape, insufficient protective effect from non-invasive forms of pneumococcal infections and high production costs associated with the development of these products. The main part of the review presents the most important research papers that used modern proteomic technologies in the study of the S. pneumoniae proteomic profile. These works allow us to evaluate at the molecular level the importance of bacterial proteins as candidates for creating new combination vaccines that can effectively protect against the full range of pneumococcal serotypes circulating in the human population. So, in particular, the data are provided on the new methodology for the analysis of the proteome of extracellular S. pneumoniae bacterial microvesicles to identify immunoreactive protein antigens, potential candidates for inclusion into vaccines. As a result of these studies, 15 immunoreactive proteins were discovered, 7 of which are cytosolic and 8 proteins are bound to the cell surface (MalX, ABC transporter or substrate binding transport protein, AmiA, AliA, LytC, IgA1 protease, PspA and the putative precursor of β-galactosidase). These are possible candidates for developing combination vaccines. Additionally, the review presents data on the role of significant virulence factors of the protein nature of S. pneumoniae strains in nasopharyngeal colonization, increased infectivity, as well as on overcoming reactions of the host's immune response.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В обзоре представлена современная стратегия совершенствования средств вакцинопрофилактики стрептококковых инфекций, направленная на поиск и разработку новых вакцин для иммунизации людей, относящихся к группам риска. Необходимо отметить, что пневмококки (S. pneumoniae) относятся к представителям грамположительных бактерий (диплококков) и становятся основной причиной различных нозологических форм инфекционных заболеваний человека (таких, как пневмония, средние отиты, синуситы, бактериемия и менингиты). Существующие пневмококковые вакцины (конъюгатные и полисахаридные) имеют некоторые важные ограничения, например зависимость от серотипа, потеря эффективности из-за смены серотипового пейзажа, недостаточный защитный эффект от неинвазивных форм пневмококковых инфекций и высокие производственные затраты, связанные с разработкой этих препаратов. В основной части обзора освещены важнейшие исследовательские работы, в которых были использованы современные протеомные технологии в изучении протеомного профиля S. pneumoniae. Эти работы позволяют на молекулярном уровне оценить значимость бактериальных белков в качестве кандидатов для создания новых комбинированных вакцин, способных осуществлять эффективную защиту от всего многообразия серотипов пневмококков, циркулирующих в популяции человека. Так, в частности, приведены данные по новой методологии анализа протеома внеклеточных бактериальных микровезикул S. pneumoniae для идентификации иммунореактивных белковых антигенов, потенциальных кандидатов для включения в вакцины. В результате этих исследований было открыто 15 иммунореактивных белков, 7 из которых цитозольные, а 8 белков связаны с клеточной поверхностью (MalX, ABC-транспортер или субстрат, связывающий транспортный белок, AmiA, AliA, LytC, IgA1-протеаза, PspA и предполагаемый предшественник β-галактозидазы). Это возможные кандидаты для создания комбинированных вакцин. Дополнительно в обзоре представлены данные о роли значимых факторов вирулентности белковой природы штаммов S. pneumoniae в назофарингеальной колонизации, усилении инфекциозности, а также о преодолении реакций иммунного ответа организма хозяина.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>combined vaccines</kwd><kwd>bacterial proteome</kwd><kwd>S. pneumoniae</kwd><kwd>proteins</kwd><kwd>adhesins</kwd><kwd>tandem mass spectrometry</kwd><kwd>affinity chromatography</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>комбинированные вакцины</kwd><kwd>бактериальный протеом</kwd><kwd>S. pneumoniae</kwd><kwd>протеины</kwd><kwd>адгезины</kwd><kwd>тандемная масс-спектрометрия</kwd><kwd>аффинная хроматография</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sidorenko S.V. Pneumococcal infection – in the centre of attention again. 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