Kazan medical journalKazan medical journal0368-48142587-9359Eco-Vector1329410.17816/KMJ2019-402Research ArticleEffect of smoking cessation on the parameters of microcirculation in arterial hypertensionKorneevaN VGladkova1982@mail.ruFar Eastern State Medical University1306201910034024090706201907062019Copyright © 2019, Korneeva N.V.2019<p><strong>Aim.</strong> To identify changes of microcirculatory parameters in former hypertensive smokers.</p>
<p><strong>Methods.</strong> Videobiomicroscopy was used to study the microcirculation of bulbar conjunctiva in 94 patients suffering from arterial hypertension. The results of former smokers (n=21, average age 41.62.5 years) were compared to those of smokers (n=32, average age 36.82.2 years) and non-smokers (n=41, average age 40.52.3 years).</p>
<p><strong>Results.</strong> The average diameter of arterioles, the arteriolar-to-venular ratio and the average diameter of the capillaries were minimal in the group of smokers with hypertension. In former smokers, these indicators increased significantly (p1 0.0001 for arterioles and arteriolar-to-venular ratio, p1=0.0007 for capillaries) and did not differ from the parameters of those who never smoked (p2=0.8613 for arterioles, p2=0.6817 for arteriolar-to-venular ratio, p2=0.9626 for capillaries). The minimum number of capillaries per 1 mm2 of the conjunctival surface was found in smokers; in former smokers this indicator was significantly higher (p1 0.0001) and did not differ from non-smokers (p2=0.4301).</p>
<p><strong>Conclusion.</strong> The identified positive signs of smoking cessation at the level of microcirculation in the form of an increased average diameter of arterioles and capillaries, increased arteriolar-to-venular ratio and regression of capillary depletion in arterial hypertension allow recommending smoking cessation as an effective therapeutic measure for high blood pressure and endothelium dysfunction caused by smoking.</p>arterial hypertensionsmokingsmoking cessationmicrocirculationартериальная гипертензиякурениепрекращение курениямикроциркуляция[Chazova I.E., Zhernakova Y.V., Oshchepkova E.V. et al. Prevalence of cardiiovascular risk factors in Russian population of patients with hypertension. Kardiologiya. 2014; (10): 4–12. (In Russ.)][Makolkin V.I. Microcirculation and lesion of target organs in arterial hypertension. Kardiologiya. 2006; (2): 83–85. (In Russ.)][Lukina Yu.V., Martsevich S.Yu. Effect of smoking on cardiovascular medications. Profilaktika zabolevaniy i ukreplenie zdorov'ya . 2005; (1): 21–25. (In Russ.)][Vyssoulis G.P., Marinakis A.G., Aznaouridids K.A. et al. The impact of third-generation beta-blockerantihypertensive treatment on endothelial function and thepro thrombotic status. Effects of smoking. Rossiyskiy kardiologicheskiy zhurnal. 2011; 16 (2): 86–93. (In Russ.)][Zateyshchikova A.A., Zateyshchikov D.A. Endothelial regulation of vascular tone: research methods and clinical significance. Kardiologiya. 1998; (9): 68–80. (In Russ.)][Vinokurova I.G., Davidovich I.M., Protsyk O.M. Arterial stiffness and cerebrovascular blood flow in people of young age in the early stages of hypertension: the impact of tobacco smoking. Tikhookeanskiy meditsinskiy zhurnal. 2016; (4): 53–57. (In Russ.)][Leonova M.V., Maneshina O.A. Smoking and drugs for treatment of cardiovascular diseases: pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic aspects. Serdtse. 2007; 6 (6): 316–321. (In Russ.)][Suskin N., Sheth T., Negassa A. et al. Relationship of current and past smoking to mortality and morbidity in patients with left ventricular dysfunction. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 2001; 37 (6): 1677–1682. DOI: 10.1016/s0735-1097(01)01195-0.][Lang T.A., Sesik M. How to describe statistics in medicine. The management for authors, editors and reviewers. Russ. ed, ed. by V.P. Leonov version. Moscow: Prakticheskaja medicina. 2011; 480 p. (In Russ.)][Carey R.M. Pathophysiology of primary hypertension. In: Handbook of physiology: Microcirculation. R.F. Tuma, W.N. Duran, R. Ley eds. Amsterdam-Tokyo. 2008; 794–896. DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-374530-9.00020-6.][Shkarin V.V., Lozhakova M.V. The disorders of microcirculation in case of essential arterial hypertension: clinical and hemodynamical aspects. Meditsinskiy al'manakh. 2012; (1): 179–183. (In Russ.)][Sirotin B.Z., Korneeva N.V. Influence of smoking cessation on the microcirculatory bed in apparently healthy young people. Terapevticheskiy arkhiv. 2016; 88 (1): 67–69. (In Russ.)][Kozlov V.I. Capillarosсopy in clinical practice. M.: Prakticheskaya medicina. 2015; 232 p (In Russ.).][Schmid-Schönbein G.W. Capillary and venular responses to arterial hypertension (Ch. 105). In: Microvascular research. D. Shepro ed. Boston, 2006; 2: 713–720.][Cheng C., Diamond J.J., Falkner B. Functional capillary rarefaction in mild blood pressure elevation. J. Hypertens. 2010; 28: 2258–2266. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752-8062.2008.00016.x.]