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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Kazan medical journal</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Kazan medical journal</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Казанский медицинский журнал</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0368-4814</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2587-9359</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">120189</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/KMJ120189</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>History of medicine</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>История медицины</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Kazan Trachomatous Institute in historical retrospective: background and circumstances of its opening</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Казанский трахоматозный институт в исторической ретроспективе: предпосылки и обстоятельства открытия</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Khusainova</surname><given-names>Dina C.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хусаинова</surname><given-names>Дина Камилевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>M.D., Cand. Sci. (Med.), Head</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, гл. врач</p></bio><email>MuseumKGMU@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7039-9326</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ivanov</surname><given-names>Anton Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иванов</surname><given-names>Антон Юрьевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (History), Assoc. Prof., Depart. of Biomedical Ethics, Medical Law and History of Medicine</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. ист. наук, доц., каф. биомедицинской этики, медицинского права и истории медицины</p></bio><email>Antonivanof@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5026-2709</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ivanova</surname><given-names>Regina G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иванова</surname><given-names>Регина Геннадьевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (History), Head, Museum of history</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. ист. наук, директор, Музей истории</p></bio><email>MuseumKGMU@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Republican Clinical Ophthalmological Hospital named after E.V. Adamyuk</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Республиканская клиническая офтальмологическая больница им. Е.В. Адамюка</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Kazan State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Казанский государственный медицинский университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2023-01-05" publication-format="electronic"><day>05</day><month>01</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-02-01" publication-format="electronic"><day>01</day><month>02</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>104</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>152</fpage><lpage>158</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-01-05"><day>05</day><month>01</month><year>2023</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2023-01-05"><day>05</day><month>01</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2023, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2023, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2026-02-01"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://kazanmedjournal.ru/kazanmedj/article/view/120189">https://kazanmedjournal.ru/kazanmedj/article/view/120189</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article is devoted to the study of the prerequisites and circumstances of the first trachomatous institute establishment in Russia, designed to stop the spread of a dangerous infectious eye disease in one of the key regions of the RSFSR — the Republic of Tatarstan. The initial period of the spread of trachoma in the Russian Empire, dating back to the first quarter of the 19th century, is characterized, and the first steps in the study and treatment of trachoma in the Kazan province are defined. On the basis of archival documents, many of which were not previously introduced into scientific circulation, the authors analyze a significant layer of historical information that sheds light on a number of facts that have not been previously published or studied. The prerequisites that characterize the formation of the attitude of the Kazan scientific community to the need to organize the fight against a new spreading disease — trachoma — on a large scale, have been identified. For the first time, prosopographic data on the first leaders of the institute were clarified, it was convincingly proved that, contrary to popular belief, it was not V.V. Chirkovsky, but A.G. Agababov who became the first director of the Trachomatous Institute in Kazan. Materials on the circumstances and conditions of the actual opening of the trachomatous institute in 1922 are given. The features of the fight against trachoma in the period preceding the opening of the trachomatous institute, starting with the activities of E.V. Adamyuk, representatives of the Kazan Governorate and special medical commissions, ending with the formation of a specialized scientific and clinical infrastructure, are identified.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Статья посвящена изучению предпосылок и определению обстоятельств учреждения первого в России трахоматозного института, призванного остановить распространение опасного инфекционного заболевания глаз в одном из ключевых регионов РСФСР — Республике Татарстан. Охарактеризован начальный период распространения трахомы в Российской империи, относящийся к первой четверти XIX в., а также определены первые шаги по изучению и лечению трахомы в Казанской губернии. На основе архивных документов, многие из которых ранее не были введены в научный оборот, авторы анализируют значительный пласт исторических сведений, проливающих свет на ряд не опубликованных и не исследованных до настоящего времени фактов. Выявлены предпосылки, характеризующие формирование отношения научного сообщества Казани к необходимости организации борьбы с новым распространяющимся заболеванием — трахомой — в широком масштабе. Впервые уточнены просопографические данные о первых руководителях института, убедительно доказано, что, вопреки распространённому мнению, не В.В. Чирковский, а А.Г. Агабабов стал первым директором трахоматозного института в Казани. Приведены материалы об обстоятельствах и условиях фактического открытия трахоматозного института в 1922 г. Выявлены особенности борьбы с трахомой в предшествующий открытию трахоматозного института период, начиная с деятельности Е.В. Адамюка, представителей Казанского губернского земства и специальных медицинских комиссий, завершая формированием профильной научно-клинической инфраструктуры.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Trachomatous Institute</kwd><kwd>Kazan province</kwd><kwd>trachoma</kwd><kwd>E.V. Adamyuk</kwd><kwd>A.G. Agababov</kwd><kwd>V.V. Chirkovsky</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>трахоматозный институт</kwd><kwd>Казанская губерния</kwd><kwd>трахома</kwd><kwd>Е.В. Адамюк</kwd><kwd>А.Г. Агабабов</kwd><kwd>В.В. Чирковский</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Большая медицинская энциклопедия. Под ред. Б.В. Петровского. Изд. 3-е. Т. 25. М.: Советская энциклопедия; 1985. с. 117.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bol’shaya meditsinskaya entsiklopediya. (Big Medical Encyclopedia.) BV Petrovsky, editor. Vol. 25. 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