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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Kazan medical journal</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Kazan medical journal</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Казанский медицинский журнал</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0368-4814</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2587-9359</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">112512</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/KMJ112512</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Redox control of tumor cell apoptosis during hypoxia</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Редокс-управление апоптозом опухолевых клеток при гипоксии</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7441-5554</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Nosareva</surname><given-names>Ol'ga L.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Носарева</surname><given-names>Ольга Леонидовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>M.D., D. Sci. (Med.), Prof., Depart. of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology with Course of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>докт. мед. наук, проф., каф. биохимии и молекулярной биологии с курсом клинической лабораторной диагностики</p></bio><email>olnosareva@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9339-6304</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Stepovaya</surname><given-names>Elena A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Степовая</surname><given-names>Елена Алексеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>M.D., D. Sci. (Med.), Prof., Depart. of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology with Course of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>докт. мед. наук, проф., каф. биохимии и молекулярной биологии с курсом клинической лабораторной диагностики</p></bio><email>muir@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-1137</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shakhristova</surname><given-names>Evgenija V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шахристова</surname><given-names>Евгения Викторовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>M.D., Cand. Sci. (Med.), Assoc. Prof., Depart. of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology with Course of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, доц., каф. биохимии и молекулярной биологии с курсом клинической лабораторной диагностики</p></bio><email>shaxristova@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4590-0400</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Pashkovskiy</surname><given-names>Daniil V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пашковский</surname><given-names>Даниил Витальевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>student</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>студент</p></bio><email>danpash86@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1195-098X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Rublevskiy</surname><given-names>Vyacheslav B.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рублевский</surname><given-names>Вячеслав Борисович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>student</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>студент</p></bio><email>rublevskiyvb1@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Siberian State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Сибирский государственный медицинский университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2023-05-03" publication-format="electronic"><day>03</day><month>05</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-05-26" publication-format="electronic"><day>26</day><month>05</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>104</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>381</fpage><lpage>392</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2022-11-11"><day>11</day><month>11</month><year>2022</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2023-03-14"><day>14</day><month>03</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2023, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2023, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2026-05-26"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://kazanmedjournal.ru/kazanmedj/article/view/112512">https://kazanmedjournal.ru/kazanmedj/article/view/112512</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Currently, close attention is paid to studies aimed at searching for redox-sensitive targets for the regulation of tumor cell death. Tumor growth is characterized by impaired cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis against the background of oxidative stress. Hypoxia contributes to the formation of mitochondrial dysfunction and acts as an additional factor that exacerbates oxidative stress in the tumor cell. Reactive oxygen species are general damaging factors, however, they can act as modulators of processes such as reception, intracellular signaling, proliferation, apoptosis, while taking part in the functioning of the cell redox system and contributing to the oxidative modification of macromolecules. One of the possible reasons for the activation of the production of reactive oxygen species is the low content of O<sub>2</sub> in the cell, the final electron acceptor to ensure the functioning of the enzymes of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. The glutathione system makes a significant contribution to maintaining the balance between prooxidants and antioxidants in the cell. The role of this system is justified by the reduction potential of glutathione, which, acting as an acceptor of hydroxyl ions and singlet oxygen, significantly reduces the cytotoxic and damaging effects of reactive oxygen species. At the same time, it serves as a coenzyme for glutathione-dependent enzymes, which play a leading role not only in providing antioxidant processes, but also in maintaining the thiol disulfide balance. Hypoxia, which acts as a factor in the activation of free radical oxidation against the background of proliferation and apoptosis dysregulation, contributes to the formation of resistance of tumor cells to chemotherapeutic effects. In light of this, the importance of studying the redox-dependent mechanisms involved in the regulation and implementation of tumor cell death under insufficient oxygen supply becomes obvious, which is necessary for the development of personalized antitumor therapy. The article presents a review of modern literature, including the results of our own research, on the role of the thiol disulfide system and oxidatively modified proteins in the redox regulation of proliferation and apoptotic death of tumor cells, including under hypoxic conditions.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В настоящее время пристальное внимание уделяют исследованиям, направленным на поиск редокс-чувствительных мишеней регуляции клеточной гибели опухолевых клеток. Опухолевый рост характеризуется нарушением пролиферации, дифференцировки и апоптоза клеток на фоне развития окислительного стресса. Гипоксия способствует формированию дисфункции митохондрий и выступает дополнительным фактором, усугубляющим окислительный стресс в опухолевой клетке. Активные формы кислорода — универсальные повреждающие факторы, однако они могут выступать в роли модуляторов процессов, таких как рецепция, внутриклеточная сигнализация, пролиферация, апоптоз, при этом принимая участие в функционировании редокс-системы клеток и способствуя окислительной модификации макромолекул. Одной из возможных причин активации выработки активных форм кислорода является низкое содержание О<sub>2</sub> в клетке — конечного акцептора электронов для обеспечения функционирования ферментов дыхательной цепи митохондрий. Существенный вклад в поддержание баланса между прооксидантами и антиоксидантами клетки вносит система глутатиона. Роль этой системы обоснована восстановительным потенциалом глутатиона, который, выступая акцептором гидроксильного иона и синглетного кислорода, существенно снижает цитотоксическое и повреждающее действие активных форм кислорода. Вместе с тем, он служит коферментом глутатион-зависимых ферментов, которым принадлежит ведущая роль не только в обеспечении антиоксидантных процессов, но и в поддержании тиолдисульфидного равновесия. Гипоксия, выступающая фактором активации свободнорадикального окисления на фоне нарушения регуляции пролиферации и апоптоза, способствует формированию устойчивости опухолевых клеток к химиотерапевтическому воздействию. В свете этого становится очевидной важность изучения редокс-зависимых механизмов, вовлечённых в регуляцию и реализацию гибели опухолевых клеток при недостаточном снабжении кислородом, что необходимо для разработки персонифицированной противоопухолевой терапии. В статье представлен обзор современной литературы, включающий результаты собственных исследований, по изучению роли тиолдисульфидной системы и окислительно-модифицированных белков в редокс-регулировании пролиферации и апоптотической гибели опухолевых клеток, в том числе в условиях гипоксии.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>tumor cells</kwd><kwd>apoptosis</kwd><kwd>hypoxia</kwd><kwd>oxidative stress</kwd><kwd>glutathione system</kwd><kwd>redox-status</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>опухолевые клетки</kwd><kwd>апоптоз</kwd><kwd>гипоксия</kwd><kwd>окислительный стресс</kwd><kwd>система глутатиона</kwd><kwd>редокс-статус</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>D’Arcy MS. Cell death: a review of the major forms of apoptosis, necrosis and autophagy. Cell Biol Int. 2019;43(6):582–592. 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