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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Kazan medical journal</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Kazan medical journal</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Казанский медицинский журнал</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0368-4814</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2587-9359</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">111046</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/KMJ111046</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">The role of microRNAs in the development of gastric and duodenal ulcers</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Роль микроРНК в развитии язвенной болезни желудка и двенадцатиперстной кишки</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2922-7087</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">GXA-0228-2022</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2634-5987</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sagadatova</surname><given-names>Yulia R.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сагадатова</surname><given-names>Юлия Риязовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Postgrad. Stud., Depart. of Surgical Diseases</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант, каф. хирургических болезней</p></bio><email>sagadatovay@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5870-8894</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">7006453675</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Khasanov</surname><given-names>Anvar G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хасанов</surname><given-names>Анвар Гиниятович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>M.D., D. Sci. (Med.), Prof., Head of Depart., Depart. of Surgical Diseases</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>докт. мед. наук, проф., зав. каф., каф. хирургических болезней</p></bio><email>hasanovag@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9499-5632</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gilyazova</surname><given-names>Irina R.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гилязова</surname><given-names>Ирина Ришатовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Biol.), Assoc. Prof., Senior Research Fellow</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. биол. наук, доц., с.н.с.</p></bio><email>gilyasova_irina@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9898-6757</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sufiyarov</surname><given-names>Damir I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Суфияров</surname><given-names>Дамир Ильдарович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>student</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>студент</p></bio><email>kafsurg@bashgmu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8688-8458</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">23053114300</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sufiyarov</surname><given-names>Ildar F.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Суфияров</surname><given-names>Ильдар Фанусович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>M.D., D. Sci. (Med.), Prof., Depart. of Surgical Diseases</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>докт. мед. наук, проф., каф. хирургических болезней</p></bio><email>ildars74@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Bashkir State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Башкирский государственный медицинский университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Federal Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт биохимии и генетики Уфимского федерального исследовательского центра Российской академии наук</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-07-24" publication-format="electronic"><day>24</day><month>07</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>104</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>534</fpage><lpage>540</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2022-10-14"><day>14</day><month>10</month><year>2022</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2023-07-10"><day>10</day><month>07</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2023, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2023, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2026-07-24"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://kazanmedjournal.ru/kazanmedj/article/view/111046">https://kazanmedjournal.ru/kazanmedj/article/view/111046</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The research highlights the fundamental concepts of microRNA, the mechanisms of RNA interference, the importance of microRNA in the development of diseases. Combining the experience of domestic and foreign researchers, the authors identified the main miRNAs involved in the development of gastric and duodenal ulcers. The article also describes the main mechanisms of regulation of the inflammatory process in gastric and duodenal ulcers associated with Helicobacter pylori, the influence of microorganisms on the expression of various microRNA types and the control of the cellular immune response. In addition, the review presents the latest research on methods for diagnosing Helicobacter pylori-associated peptic ulcer based on the determination of circulating microRNAs. The results of an experimental model of treatment of patients infected with Helicobacter pylori with drugs that act on non-coding RNA are presented.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В работе освещены фундаментальные понятия о микроРНК, механизмы РНК-интерференции, значение ­микроРНК в развитии заболеваний. Объединив опыт отечественных и зарубежных исследователей, авторы выделили основные микроРНК, участвующие в развитии язвенной болезни желудка и двенадцатиперстной кишки. В статье также описаны основные механизмы регуляции воспалительного процесса при язвенной болезни желудка и двенадцатиперстной кишки, ассоциированной с Helicobacter pylori, влияние микроорганизмов на экспрессию различных видов микроРНК и контроль клеточного иммунного ответа. Кроме того, в обзоре приведены новейшие исследования, посвящённые методам диагностики ассоциированной с Helicobacter pylori язвенной болезни, основанной на определении циркулирующих микроРНК. Изложены результаты экспериментальной модели лечения больных, инфицированных Helicobacter pylori, препаратами, воздействующими на некодирующие РНК.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>microRNA</kwd><kwd>peptic ulcer</kwd><kwd>morbidity</kwd><kwd>complicated gastric and duodenal ulcer</kwd><kwd>review</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>микроРНК</kwd><kwd>язвенная болезнь</kwd><kwd>заболеваемость</kwd><kwd>осложнённая язвенная болезнь желудка и двенадцатиперстной кишки</kwd><kwd>обзор</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>O'Brien J, Hayder H, Zayed H, Peng C. Overview of microRNA biogenesis, mechanisms of actions, and circulation. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2018;9:402. DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00402.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Borisov DA, Nakhusheva MI, Tanasheva AZ, Balabanov AG. 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