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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Kazan medical journal</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Kazan medical journal</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Казанский медицинский журнал</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0368-4814</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2587-9359</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">110938</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/KMJ110938</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: a modern view of the problem</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Гипертрофическая кардиомиопатия: современный взгляд на проблему</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2708-3972</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6737-0285</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kalyagin</surname><given-names>Alexey N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Калягин</surname><given-names>Алексей Николаевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>M.D., D. Sci. (Med.), Prof., Vice-rector for Medical Work and Postgraduate Education, Head of Depart., Depart. of Propedeutics of Internal Diseases</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>докт. мед. наук, проф., проректор по лечебной работе и последипломному образованию, зав. каф., каф. пропедевтики внутренних болезней</p></bio><email>akalagin@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9348-9025</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7222-6890</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gamayunov</surname><given-names>Danil Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гамаюнов</surname><given-names>Данил Юрьевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>M.D., Resident, Depart. of Propedeutics of Internal Diseases</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ординатор, каф. пропедевтики внутренних болезней</p></bio><email>d.gamayunov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Silkin</surname><given-names>Viktor I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Силкин</surname><given-names>Виктор Иванович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>M.D., Anesthesiologist-Resuscitator</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач анестезиолог-реаниматолог</p></bio><email>silkin1957@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6397-1731</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1859-1378</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kurkov</surname><given-names>Nikolay N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Курков</surname><given-names>Николай Николаевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>M.D., Anesthesiologist-Resuscitator</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач анестезиолог-реаниматолог</p></bio><email>kurkov.nn@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Irkutsk State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Иркутский государственный медицинский университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Irkutsk City Clinical Hospital No.1</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Иркутская городская клиническая больница №1</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2023-04-27" publication-format="electronic"><day>27</day><month>04</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-07-24" publication-format="electronic"><day>24</day><month>07</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>104</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>541</fpage><lpage>551</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2022-09-15"><day>15</day><month>09</month><year>2022</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2023-03-14"><day>14</day><month>03</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2023, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2023, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2026-07-24"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://kazanmedjournal.ru/kazanmedj/article/view/110938">https://kazanmedjournal.ru/kazanmedj/article/view/110938</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Cardiomyopathy is considered one of the main causes of heart failure and sudden cardiac death, at least in young people. Approximately 50% of patients who die suddenly in childhood or adolescence or undergo heart transplantation suffer from this condition. The purpose of this literature review is to study and highlight the issues of etiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, diagnosis and treatment of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy from the point of view of modern ideas. The search and analysis of domestic and foreign literature materials using the PubMed and eLibrary databases was carried out. Of particular interest is the etiology of primary congenital cardiomyopathies, in respect of which research continues. As a result of the implementation of genetic factors, multiple structural and functional changes in the myocardium develop, which lead to changes in hemodynamics. Cardiomyopathy is a clinically heterogeneous disease, and one of the factors that determine the clinical phenotype is the genotype. In addition to standard laboratory testing, patients with suspected hypertrophic cardiomyopathy are advised to undergo medical genetic counseling to identify the causative mutation, and often to obtain prognostic information. The fundamental imaging method is echocardiography, but the role of magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of the disease is also considered. Patients with symptomatic obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy are usually recommended first-line pharmacotherapy with β-blockers or non-dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers. Currently, research on new drugs for the treatment of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy — inhibitors of cardiac myosin is ongoing. Surgical methods of treatment are developing progressively, however, methods of conservative treatment require further active research of drugs that have not been used before.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Кардиомиопатию считают одной из основных причин сердечной недостаточности и внезапной сердечной смерти, по крайней мере, у молодых людей. Около 50% пациентов, внезапно умирающих в детском или подростковом возрасте или перенёсших трансплантацию сердца, страдали этим заболеванием. Цель настоящего литературного обзора — изучение и освещение с точки зрения современных взглядов вопросов этиологии, патогенеза, клинических особенностей, диагностики и лечения гипертрофической кардиомиопатии. Поиск и анализ отечественных и зарубежных литературных материалов осуществляли с использованием баз данных PubMed и eLibrary. Особый интерес представляет этиология первичных врождённых кардиомиопатий, в отношении которых продолжаются научные исследования. В результате реализации генетических факторов развиваются множественные структурные и функциональные изменения миокарда, которые приводят к изменению гемодинамики. Кардиомиопатия — клинически гетерогенное заболевание, и одним из факторов, определяющих клинический фенотип, бывает генотип. Помимо стандартного лабораторного исследования, пациентам с подозрением на гипертрофическую кардиомиопатию рекомендовано проведение медико-генетического консультирования с целью выявления причинной мутации, а также нередко для получения прогностической информации. Основополагающим визуализирующим методом служит эхокардиография, однако рассматривают и роль магнитно-резонансной томографии в диагностике заболевания. Пациентам с симптомной обструктивной гипертрофической кардиомиопатией обычно рекомендуют фармакотерапию первой линии β-адреноблокаторами или недигидропиридиновыми блокаторами кальциевых каналов. В настоящее время продолжается исследование новых препаратов для лечения гипертрофической кардиомиопатии — ингибиторов сердечного миозина. Хирургические методы лечения развиваются прогрессивно, однако методы консервативного лечения требуют дальнейшего активного исследования лекарственных препаратов, не применяемых ранее.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>review</kwd><kwd>hypertrophic cardiomyopathy</kwd><kwd>chronic heart failure</kwd><kwd>sudden cardiac death</kwd><kwd>desminopathy</kwd><kwd>rasopathy</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>обзор</kwd><kwd>гипертрофическая кардиомиопатия</kwd><kwd>хроническая сердечная недостаточность</kwd><kwd>внезапная сердечная смерть</kwd><kwd>десминопатия</kwd><kwd>расопатия</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Lannou S, Mansencal N, Couchoud C, Lassalle M, Dubourg O, Stengel B, Jacquelinet C, Charron P. 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